Microbiological image
The microPIXE technique to understand the distribution of heavy metals in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Uso de la técnica de microPIXE para comprender la distribución de metales pesados en la simbiosis micorrícica arbuscular
M. Statelloa,b, R.P. Colomboa,b,
, E.M. de la Fournièrec, M.E. Debrayc, A.M. Godeasa,b, V.A. Silvania,b
Corresponding author
a Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
b Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
c Gerencia Investigación y Aplicaciones, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CAC, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rodríguez, Leticia A. Fernández, Marina L. Díaz, Cristian A. Gallo, Miguel Corona, Jay D. Evans, Francisco J. Reynaldi" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María A." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Leticia A." "apellidos" => "Fernández" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marina L." "apellidos" => "Díaz" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cristian A." "apellidos" => "Gallo" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Miguel" "apellidos" => "Corona" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jay D." "apellidos" => "Evans" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco J." "apellidos" => "Reynaldi" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microbial community composition of beverage and grain of Argentinian water kefir were significantly different.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The beverage of the water kefir showed higher level of microbial alpha diversity.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Water kefir may be an innovative source of probiotic strains for bee nutrition.</p></li></ul></p></span>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754124000026?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03257541/0000005600000002/v1_202406240441/S0325754124000026/v1_202406240441/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:16 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Microbiological image</span>" "titulo" => "The microPIXE technique to understand the distribution of heavy metals in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "198" "paginaFinal" => "199" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Statello, R.P. Colombo, E.M. de la Fournière, M.E. Debray, A.M. Godeas, V.A. Silvani" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Statello" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "R.P." "apellidos" => "Colombo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "colomboroxanap@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E.M." "apellidos" => "de la Fournière" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.E." "apellidos" => "Debray" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A.M." "apellidos" => "Godeas" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "V.A." "apellidos" => "Silvani" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Gerencia Investigación y Aplicaciones, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CAC, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Uso de la técnica de microPIXE para comprender la distribución de metales pesados en la simbiosis micorrícica arbuscular" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 811 "Ancho" => 1005 "Tamanyo" => 223486 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">2D X-ray emission distribution maps of Ca, P, Mn and Cu from the extraradical mycelium and vesicles of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhizophagus intraradices</span> GC3 strain and a cross section of a mycorrhized carrot root. MicroPIXE conditions: 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MeV <span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5+</span> beam scan size 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm and 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm, respectively. Spot size 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm. The colour scale, from blue to red, represents the increase in the concentration of the chemical elements.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Soil colloids tend to retain heavy metals (HMs), potentially reaching toxic concentrations. Phytoremediation, a decontamination technique, involves plants and their associated microorganisms to mitigate the toxicity of HMs in the environment. Most plant species employed in phytoremediation establish symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF can adsorb or uptake HMs through their hyphal network, translocating them towards the host plant<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>. Particle-induced X-ray emission with a micro-focused beam (microPIXE) enables the micrometric mapping of elements in a sample<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>, helping to determine the concentration and distribution of HMs. In this work, we used microPIXE to analyze the distribution and accumulation of copper (Cu) in structures of the AMF <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhizophagus intraradices</span> GC3 strain associated to Ri T-DNA carrot roots under <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> condition (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Banco de Glomeromycota</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>. This would enable us to understand the role of AMF in HM-polluted soils. An <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> assay was performed using bi-compartmentalized Petri plates. The root compartment (RC) contained solid minimal medium (MM) with transformed carrot roots colonized by GC3. The hyphal compartment (HC), where only AMF developed, contained sterile soil artificially contaminated with Cu (300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>. After three months, roots and intraradical vesicles from RC and extraradical mycelium from HC were sampled for microPIXE analysis. The map of Ca, a major element in biological systems, helped us to visualize the biological structures and identify other elements; P and Mn (a MM compound) were selected as AMF structure indicators. P, Mn and Cu, were mainly detected in vesicles, and to a lesser extent in colonized roots (considering the dimensions of the structures), while P and Mn were mostly localized in the extraradical mycelium (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). These results showed significant Cu accumulation in intraradical fungal structures but not in root cells, suggesting a potential mechanism of toxicity alleviation in the host plant, and laying the foundation for future studies focusing on Mn.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work was supported by <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2">Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs3">Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPyCT)</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs4">Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)</span>.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authors have no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2023-09-08" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-12-31" "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 811 "Ancho" => 1005 "Tamanyo" => 223486 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">2D X-ray emission distribution maps of Ca, P, Mn and Cu from the extraradical mycelium and vesicles of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhizophagus intraradices</span> GC3 strain and a cross section of a mycorrhized carrot root. MicroPIXE conditions: 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MeV <span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5+</span> beam scan size 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm and 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm, respectively. Spot size 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm. The colour scale, from blue to red, represents the increase in the concentration of the chemical elements.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of contaminated areas by trace elements: mechanisms and major benefits of their applications" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "L. Cabral" 1 => "C.R.F.S. Soares" 2 => "A.J. Giachini" 3 => "J.O. Siqueira" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11274-015-1918-y" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "World J Microbiol Biotechnol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "1655" "paginaFinal" => "1664" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250548" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "MicroPIXE analysis of removal of aqueous U(VI) by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S. intermedia</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P. stratiotes</span> in the presence of Th (IV)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E.M. de la Fournière" 1 => "N.A. Vega" 2 => "N.A. Muller" 3 => "M.E. Debray" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.nimb.2019.11.001" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nucl Inst Meth Phys Res B" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "477" "paginaInicial" => "87" "paginaFinal" => "90" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "<a target="_blank" href="https://bgiv.com.ar/">https://bgiv.com.ar/</a> [last accessed: 13.11.23]." ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A novel <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> methodology to cultivate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combining soil and synthetic media" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V.A. Silvani" 1 => "M. Statello" 2 => "M.V. Scorza" 3 => "M. Pérgola" 4 => "R.P. Colombo" 5 => "A.M. Godeas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s13199-019-00637-z" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Symbiosis J" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "79" "paginaInicial" => "163" "paginaFinal" => "170" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03257541/0000005600000002/v1_202406240441/S0325754124000415/v1_202406240441/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "41742" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Imagen microbiológica" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03257541/0000005600000002/v1_202406240441/S0325754124000415/v1_202406240441/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754124000415?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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