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Editorial
Transcatheter treatment of severe mitral regurgitation in Brazil: a new kid on the block
Tratamento transcateter da insuficiência mitral grave no Brasil: uma novidade na área
Guilherme F. Attizzania,b,
Corresponding author
guilherme.attizzani@uhhospitals.org

Corresponding author. 11100 Euclid Avenue, Lakeside 3113, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106.
, Corrado Tamburinoa
a Cardiology Department, Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
b The Valve and Structural Heart Intervention Center, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While moderate-to-severe and severe mitral regurgitation &#40;MR&#41; lead to high rates of morbidity and mortality if no intervention is performed&#44; a considerable number of patients are exclusively medically managed due to their high surgical risk&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> indeed&#44; adverse event rates among high-risk patients whom undergo mitral valve surgery are relevant&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Therefore&#44; there is a large unmet need for transcatheter therapies in this setting&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In this edition of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia Invasiva</span>&#44; Brito Jr&#46; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> describe the first two percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repairs utilizing the MitraClip&#8482; &#40;Abbott Vascular&#44; Abbott Park&#44; USA&#41; device performed in Brazil&#46; We would like to congratulate the authors for their pioneering work in this important field&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While the only randomized trial published to date comparing MitraClip&#8482; implantation with mitral valve surgery included mostly &#40;&#8764; 70&#37;&#41; patients with primary &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i&#46;e&#46;</span>&#44; degenerative&#41; MR&#44; the scenario in which mitral valve surgery delivers excellent results&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> large real world registries&#44; such as ACCESS-EU&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> GRASP&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and TRAMI&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> included mostly patients with secondary &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i&#46;e&#46;</span>&#44; functional&#41; MR&#44; reflecting the potential of also utilizing MitraClip&#8482; in the setting in which mitral valve surgery delivers worse results&#44; such as lack of survival benefit and high rates of recurrence coupled with high morbidity and mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Randomized trials comparing MitraClip&#8482; implantation with mitral valve surgery for patients with severe functional MR&#44; such as the ongoing COAPT &#40;Clinical Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip<span class="elsevierStyleSup">TM</span> Percutaneous Therapy for High Surgical Risk Patients&#59; NCT01626079&#41; study&#44; will certainly shed more light on the ideal approach for this particular subset of patients&#46; We believe&#44; however&#44; that the approval of MitraClip&#8482; for both primary and secondary MR in Brazil was extremely mature and important as it relied not only on randomized data&#44; which could restrict its indications for primary MR&#44; but also on large real-world experiences that included thousands of patients with functional MR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i&#46;e&#46;</span>&#44; those with the higher likelihood of receiving no surgical intervention&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> whom were successfully treated&#44; mostly demonstrating sustained long-term results&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Increasing experience has enabled the expansion of MitraClip&#8482; indications&#44; which were initially limited by the strict echocardiographic criteria proposed in the EVEREST II study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In fact&#44; while our group was a pioneer in the implantation of this novel device in Italy back in 2008&#44; we also recently demonstrated the potential for expanding the indications to more complex anatomical scenarios&#44; while maintaining favorable outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8</span></a> While predictors of acutely unsuccessful MitraClip&#8482; procedure have been demonstrated by Lubos et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> we identified long-term predictors of unfavorable clinical outcomes after MitraClip&#8482; implantation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> which ultimately enabled a more refined understanding of this intervention&#46; Importantly&#44; however&#44; the learning curve associated with MitraClip&#8482; may be relatively steep&#59; therefore&#44; following the echocardiographic criteria initially proposed by the EVEREST II study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> may be the best way to start a new program while progressively transitioning to more complex scenarios&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MitraClip&#8482; implantation is associated with hemodynamic improvement&#44; left ventricle reverse remodeling&#44; and improvement in quality of life&#46; When reduction of MR to &#8804; 2&#43; is achieved&#44; the procedure can be considered successful&#44; just as demonstrated in the two cases described by Brito Jr&#46; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Importantly&#44; one should not expect that MR will be completely abolished with MitraClip&#8482;&#59; in fact&#44; improvement in quality of life was comparable in patients with 1&#43; and 2&#43; MR post-procedure in a recent analysis of the EVEREST II study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Similarly to transcatheter aortic valve implantation&#44; structural heart intervention centers that include MitraClip&#8482; in their armamentarium will certainly observe an increase in the overall rates of referrals for mitral valve dysfunction evaluation&#59; therefore&#44; not only transcatheter but also surgical mitral valve interventions will likely increase &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i&#46;e&#46;</span>&#44; &#8220;halo effect&#8221;&#41;&#46; This may become even more important when reimbursement for the MitraClip&#8482; procedure is an issue&#46; For example&#44; while expected for the second semester of 2015&#44; to date in the United States there is no full coverage for MitraClip&#8482; implantation&#46; Nonetheless&#44; this fact has not stopped centers of excellence from adopting this novel technique&#44; thereby offering a broader spectrum of structural heart disease interventions to their patients&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While MitraClip&#8482; is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved transcatheter procedure to treat severe MR&#44; transcatheter balloon expandable aortic valves have been implanted in the mitral position to treat dysfunctional surgical bioprosthesis and annuloplasty rings<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> with promising results&#59; in addition&#44; native mitral valves with important annular calcification have also been treated in a similar fashion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> While these interventions probably represent the only therapeutic option for prohibitive surgical risk patients&#44; the ultimate goal in this field is the possibility of implanting dedicated transcatheter heart valves in the mitral position&#46; Several different devices are currently being tested&#44; but the initial human experience is still in its infancy&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 22141235
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2018 February 86 14 100
2018 January 34 8 42
2017 December 70 9 79
2017 November 34 10 44
2017 October 18 10 28
2017 September 24 10 34
2017 August 27 11 38
2017 July 25 11 36
2017 June 48 12 60
2017 May 52 16 68
2017 April 43 14 57
2017 March 25 32 57
2017 February 25 9 34
2017 January 26 14 40
2016 December 33 18 51
2016 November 17 8 25
2016 October 14 8 22
2016 September 20 8 28
2016 August 28 10 38
2016 July 27 18 45
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