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Vol. 18. Issue 4.
Pages 209-224 (January 2003)
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Vol. 18. Issue 4.
Pages 209-224 (January 2003)
DOI: 10.1016/S1134-282X(03)77606-4
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Difusión de resultados asistenciales: ventajas e inconvenientes de los report cards
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José Joaquín Miraa,1
Corresponding author
jose.mira@umh.es

Correspondencia: José Joaquín Mira. Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Avda. del Ferrocarril, s/n. 03202 Elche. Alicante. España
, Susana Lorenzob, Alicia Martínez-Sanza
a Universidad Miguel Hernández. Elche
b Instituto de Investigación Fundación Hospital Alcorcón. Madrid. España
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Resumen
Contexto

Las políticas de difusión de resultados asistenciales buscan incrementar la calidad asistencial y la satisfacción de los pacientes. Los report cards son utilizados para que los pacientes comparen los resultados de varios centros y elijan entre ellos.

Objetivo

Revisar los resultados de las investigaciones para conocer las ventajas y desventajas de los report cards desde el punto de vista de los pacientes.

Método

Revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline, Índice Médico Español y revistas especializadas, entre mayo de 1996 y de 2002. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: patients, consumers, hospitals, managed care, decision making, outcomes, outcome assessment, compare plans, health plans y report, información al paciente, hospital, elección hospitalaria y resultados. Fueron excluidos los artículos sobre métodos para apoyar la elección de tratamiento médico y sobre cómo realizar “ajustes de riesgo” o calcular índices de mortalidad; y aquellos en idiomas diferentes al inglés o al español.

Resultados

Se han revisado 40 artículos. Aproximadamente un 12,5% examina las razones por las que los report cards son poco utilizados por los pacientes; el 27,5% analiza cómo utilizan los pacientes la información y qué información es más útil y cómo debe presentarse; un 12,5% describe los beneficios y un 15% muestra los inconvenientes; mientras que un 25% plantea la necesidad de personalizar la información en función del receptor.

Discusión

A la vista de los estudios publicados, parece que para que los report cards resulten útiles a los pacientes deben ofrecer pocos datos, centrados en los resultados, pertinentes y fiables, e incluir información relevante para los pacientes. El formato en que se presenta la información afecta en gran medida a su grado de comprensión y determina su utilidad.

Palabras clave:
Evaluación por los pacientes
Difusión de resultados
Medida de calidad asistencial
Report cards
Abstract
Background

Policies of public accountability seek to improve quality of care and patient satisfaction. Report cards are used so that patients can compare the results of different centers and choose among them.

Objective

To review the results of investigations into the advantages and disadvantages of report cards from the point of view of patients.

Method

We performed a search of articles published from May 1996 to May 2002 in Medline, Índice Médico Español and specialized journals. The key words used were: patients, consumers, hospitals, managed care, decision making, outcomes, outcome assessment, compare plans, health plans and report; información al paciente, hospital, elección hospitalaria y resultados. Exclusion criteria were: articles on methods to support the choice of medical treatment and those on how to perform risk adjustment or calculate mortality rates as well as those written in languages other than English or Spanish.

Results

Forty articles were reviewed. Approximately 12.5% examine the reasons why report cards are little used by patients; 27.5% analyze how patients use information, which information is most useful, and how it should be presented; 12.5% describe the advantages of report cards and 15% describe their disadvantages, while 25% describe the need to personalize the information according to the recipient.

Discussion

In view of the studies published, it seems that for report cards to be useful to patients, they should provide a small amount of relevant and reliable data that is focussed on outcomes and should include information relevant to patients. The format in which the information is presented strongly influences patient comprehension and the cards’ utility.

Key words:
Consumer evaluation
Public accountability
Quality of care measurement
Report cards
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