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Inicio Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral Sulfato de calcio: Propiedades y aplicaciones clínicas
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Vol. 4. Issue 3.
Pages 138-143 (December 2011)
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Vol. 4. Issue 3.
Pages 138-143 (December 2011)
Open Access
Sulfato de calcio: Propiedades y aplicaciones clínicas
Calcium sulfate: properties and clinical applications
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34377
J. López1,
Corresponding author
drluislopez40@hotmail.com

Correspondencia autor: Residencial San Felipe. Magnolias Dpto. 603 Distrito de Jesús María. C.O.P. 6137. Lima, Perú.
, M. Alarcón2
1 Diplomado en Periodoncia. Alumno del Programa de Especialización en Implantología Oral de la UPCH. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Perú
2 Especialista y Magíster en Periodoncia. Docente del Programa de Especialización en Implantología Oral de la UPCH. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Perú
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Resumen

Durante más de cien años el sulfato de calcio se ha distinguido de otros biomateriales, por ser uno de los materiales aloplásticos más simples y que presenta la más larga historia clínica como material sintético. Entre sus principales propiedades destacan que es de fácil obtención, capacidad de osteoconducción, es totalmente absorbible, no provoca reacciones de inflamación o antigénicas, fácil modelado y fuerza de compresión semejante al tejido óseo. Todas éstas características son necesarias para ser usado como sustituto óseo. Sin embargo, diferencias en la morfología y estructura de sus cristales, la porosidad, propiedades mecánicas y en la constitución química del sulfato de calcio puede alterar significativamente sus propiedades biológicas. El objetivo de la presente revisión es conocer las propiedades del sulfato de calcio y sus diferentes aplicaciones clínicas como sustituto óseo en procedimientos regenerativos.

Palabras clave:
Preservación del reborde
exodoncia
implantes dentales
injerto óseo
regeneración
Abstract

For over 100 years, the calcium sulfate has stood out from other biomaterials, for being one of the simplest alloplastic materials and having the longest history as synthetic material. It is readily available, has osteoconductive properties, is completely absorbed, does not cause inflammation or antigenic reactions, can be modeled to defect, has compressive strength similar to bone tissue and can be used as a vehicle for in situ release of chemotherapeutic agents. All these features are required to be used as a bone substitute. However, differences in morphology, crystal structure, porosity, mechanical properties and chemical constitution of calcium sulfate can significantly alter its biological properties. The aim of this study was to determine through a review of the literature, the properties of calcium sulfate and its various clinical applications as bone substitute in regenerative procedures.

Key words:
Alveolar ridge preservation
extraction
dental implants
bone grafting
regeneration
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad de Periodoncia de Chile, Sociedad de Implantología Oral de Chile y Sociedad de Prótesis y Rehabilitación Oral de Chile
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