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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 177-188 (August - October 2009)
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 177-188 (August - October 2009)
INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA
Open Access
Adding haloperidol to morphine for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) reduces nausea vomiting after short stay surgery: randomized, controlled
Añadir haloperidol a la morfina para la analgesia controlada por el paciente (PCA) reduce náusea y vómito tras una cirugía de corta estancia en el hospital:
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Luis E. Chaparro
, Catalina M. Martínez*, Julián A. Jaramillo**, Héctor Manrique***, Andrés Castaño****, Alejandro R. Jadad*****
* MD. Department of Anaesthesia, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
** MD. Department of Anaesthesia, Pontificia Bolivariana University, Medellin, Colombia
*** MD. Department of Anaesthesia, Clinica Las Americas, Medellin, Colombia
**** MD. School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
***** MD. Departments of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; and Anaesthesia; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University Health Network and University of Toronto. Toronto, Canada
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SUMMARY
Background

Morphine Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) increases the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the effectiveness adding haloperidol is unknown.

Methods

145 women scheduled to undergo short-stay surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned in two groups: One group received 2 mg i.v. of haloperidol 30 minutes before the end of surgery plus 2 mg mixed with 50 mg of morphine for administration via PCA (Group H); the other group received the same analgesic scheme for pain management using two comparable i.v. boluses of saline (Group P). Furthermore, both groups received dexamethasone 4 mg during anaesthesia induction. Ondansetron (4 mg i.v.) was used for antiemetic rescue. Participants and outcomes assessors were blinded to group assignment. The primary endpoints were incidence of nausea, vomiting and antiemetic requirements during the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary endpoints included sedation and morphine requirement.

Results

Cumulative data at 24 hours showed that the group H had less nausea (71.2% vs. 20.6%; RR 0.29 [95% CI: 0.17-0.46]) and vomiting (47% vs. 11.8%; RR 0.25; [95% CI: 0.12-0.49]), and required less ondansetron (66.7% vs. 17.7%), but had an increased incidence of sedation (NNH: 3.5; 95% CI, 2.3-6.7). The NNT for Total response (no nausea, no vomiting/retching) was 2.5 (0–2 hours) and 2 (2–24 hours).

Conclusion

A bolus of haloperidol 2 mg prior to the end of surgery followed by 2 mg mixed with 50 mg of Morphine for PCA administration can significantly reduce the frequency of PONV but at a cost of increased sedation.

RESUMEN
Antecedentes

La morfina analgesia controlada por el paciente (PCA) aumenta la frecuencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios (PONV); además, la efectividad de añadir haloperidol es desconocida.

Métodos

145 mujeres programadas para someterse a una cirugía de corta estancia, bajo anestesia general, fueron asignadas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: un grupo recibió 2 mg i.v. de haloperidol 30 minutos antes del final de la cirugía, junto con 2 mg mezclados con 50 mg de morfina para ser administrados vía PCA (Grupo H); el otro grupo recibió el mismo esquema analgésico para el tratamiento del dolor empleando dos bolos i.v. comparables de solución salina (Grupo P). Además, ambos grupos recibieron 4 mg de dexametasona durante la inducción de anestesia. Se utilizó ondansetrón (4 mg i.v) en lo atinente al rescate antiemético. Los participantes y evaluadores de los resultados quedaron bajo el esquema de “doble mascara” (double-blinded scheme) durante la asignación de grupos. La incidencia de náuseas, vómitos y los requisitos antieméticos durante las primeras 24 horas posteriores a la cirugía se constituyeron en los objetivos principales. Entre los objetivos secundarios está la sedación y el requerimiento de morfina.

Resultados

Los datos acumulados a las 24 horas mostraron que el grupo H tuvo menos náuseas (71,2% vs 20,6%; RR 0,29 [95% CI: 0.17-0.46]) y vómitos (47% vs 11,8%; RR 0,25; [95 % CI: 0.12-0.49]), y requiere menos ondansetrón (66,7% vs 17,7%), pero experimentó una mayor incidencia de sedación (NNH: 3.5, 95% CI, 2,3-6,7). El NNT para la respuesta total (sin náuseas, ni vómitos /intentos de vómitos) fue de 2,5 (0–2 horas) y de 2 (2–24 horas).

Conclusión

Un bolo de 2 mg de haloperidol antes de finalizar la cirugía seguido por 2 mg mezclados con 50 mg de morfina para la administración de PCA puede reducir significativamente la frecuencia de PONV, pero la sedación aumenta.

Palabras claves:
analgesia controlada por el paciente
naúsea y vómito postoperatorio
ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio (fuente: DeCS, Bireme)
Key words:
haloperidol
analgesia
patient-controlled
postoperative nausea and vomiting
randomized controlled trial (source: MeSH, NLM)
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Segundo puesto. Concurso Juan Marín. XXVIII Congreso Colombiano de Anestesiología, marzo 2009. Bogotá.

Copyright © 2009. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
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