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Vol. 39. Issue 3.
Pages 352-357 (August - October 2011)
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Vol. 39. Issue 3.
Pages 352-357 (August - October 2011)
ARTÍCULO DE REFLEXIÓN
Open Access
Bloqueantes neuromusculares: en pro del uso adecuado
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Visits
9954
Roberto Carlo Rivera Díaz
,
Corresponding author
robertorivera@incodol.com

Cra 48 No. 19A-40 Unidad 1205 Torre Médica Ciudad del Río, Medellín, Colombia.
, Johan Sebastián Rivera Díaz**
* Anestesiólogo. Docente de Anestesia y Dolor, Universidad CES, Instituto Colombiano del Dolor.
** Residente de Anestesia, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.
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Article information
RESUMEN
Introducción.

En el uso de bloqueantes musculares hay controversia: a favor está la necesidad de garantizar una adecuada intubación de manera rápida en los casos de urgencia y facilitar el campo quirúrgico al cirujano, además de otros beneficios reportados; en contra están los efectos adversos y los riesgos publicados.

Objetivo.

Promover la buena práctica médica en el uso de los bloqueantes musculares.

Materiales y métodos.

Revisión de la literatura científica disponible sobre el tema enfocada a indicaciones, riesgos, beneficios y monitoreo.

Resultados.

La indicación absoluta de bloqueante muscular es la intubación de secuencia rápida. Existen otros usos recomendados: intubación en cirugía electiva y ciertos tipos de cirugía y situaciones especiales (SDRA, TECAR, hipertensión intraabdominal, hipertensión intracraneana). Por otra parte, los bloqueantes pueden ser evitados en muchas anestesias generales. Lo más importante es conocer sus indicaciones y riesgos, y usarlos de manera adecuada.

Conclusión.

Hay situaciones en las que se puede evitar el uso de los bloqueantes, pero hay otras en las que son indispensables o están recomendados. Si van a ser usados, debe elegirse el bloqueante ideal para cada paciente, en el momento oportuno, con la dosis ajustada y siempre con el monitoreo apropiado.

Palabras claves:
Agentes bloqueadores neuromusculares
intubación
urgencias médicas
riesgo. (Fuente: DeSC, BIRIME)
SUMMARY
Introduction.

The debate regarding the use of muscle relaxants is still ongoing, with arguments against such as their adverse effects and published risks, and arguments in favor such as the need to ensure rapid and adequate intubation in emergency cases, the benefit of an easy surgical field for the surgeon, and other reported benefits.

Objective.

To review aspects associated with the adequate use of neuromuscular blocking agents in anesthesia.

Materials and methods.

Narrative review of the scientific literature available on the subject that focused on indications, risks, benefits and monitoring.

Results.

The absolute indication of muscle relaxants is rapid-sequence intubation, but there are other situations where they are recommended: Intubation in elective surgery, certain types of special surgical procedures and situations (ARDS, electroconvulsive therapy, intra-abdominal hypertension, intracranial hypertension), and they may be avoided in many general anesthesia cases. Most important is to be aware of their indications, risks and adequate use.

Conclusion.

In conclusion, there are situations where the use of muscle relaxants may be avoided, but there are also instances were they are a requirement and it is in those cases where they are recommended. Therefore, if they are to be used, they must be the ideal choice for the individual patient at the right time and the right dose, and always under appropriate monitoring.

Key Words:
Neuromuscular blocking agents
intubation
medical emergencies
risk. (Source: MeSH, NLM)
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Copyright © 2011. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
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