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Vol. 36. Issue 1.
Pages 19-24 (February - April 2008)
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Vol. 36. Issue 1.
Pages 19-24 (February - April 2008)
ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
Open Access
Efecto de adicionar ketamina a la morfina en analgesia controlada por el paciente (PCA) en un modelo de laparotomía: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble ciego controlado
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Adriana Cadavid Puentes**, Karoll A. Rodelo
, Diana P. Medina*, M. Sánchez*
** Anestesióloga, subespecialista en Medicina del Dolor, Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia.
* Anestesióloga, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Resumen
Objetivo

Dado el potencial analgésico y de reducción del consumo de opiáceos de la ketamina, se evaluó el efecto de adicionar ketamina a la morfina a la bomba de analgesia controlada por el paciente, y se midieron desenlaces como alivio del dolor, consumo de opiáceos y efectos adversos frecuentes por opiáceos.

Pacientes y métodos

Ensayo clínico prospectivo, aleatorio, doble ciego en pacientes para laparotomía electiva. Ciento doce pacientes con clasificación American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I, II o III entre los 18 y 85 años sometidos a laparotomía fueron distribuidos de manera aleatoria para recibir 1 mg/ml de morfina (grupo 1, n=53) o 1 mg/ml de morfina más 1mg/ml de ketamina (grupo 2, n=59).

Se evaluaron las dosis acumulativas de morfina de cada grupo a las 12, 24, 36 y 48 horas después de instalada la bomba de analgesia controlada por el paciente, escalas de alivio de dolor (escala verbal numérica en reposo y dinámico y escala categórica) y los efectos adversos: náusea y vomito, sedación, prurito y presión arterial.

Resultados

La intensidad del dolor fue comparable en ambos grupos. El grupo 2 (morfina más ketamina) tuvo un consumo de morfina menor (17% de reducción de la dosis de morfina), sin que fuera estadísticamente significativo. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de efectos adversos entre los dos grupos.

Conclusiones

La ketamina iniciada en la analgesia controlada por el paciente con morfina para el control del dolor postoperatorio no reduce significativamente el consumo de morfina después de la laparotomía.

Palabras clave:
analgesia controlada por el paciente
dolor postoperatorio
ketamina
Summary
Objective

Given the analgesic potential and opioid sparing effect of ketamine, we compared the effect of additioning ketamine to morphine on IV PCA (patient controlled analgesia) in a laparotomy model. We evaluated pain level, opioid consumption and frequent adverse effects of morphine in both groups.

Pattients and methods

Randomized controlled trial in patients scheduled for elective laparotomy. One hundred and twelve patients (112) ASA I, II or III aged 18 to 85 years old were randomly assigned to receive morphine 1mg/ml (group 1, n=53) or morphine 1 mg/ml plus ketamine 1mg/ml (group 2 n=59). We assessed cumulative doses of morphine for each group at 12, 24,36 and 48 hours after installation of intravenous PCA, pain level at rest and movement, hemodynamic (arterial pressure) and opioid related effects: nausea and vomiting, sedation and pruritus between groups.

Results

Pain intensity level was similar in both groups. In group 2 (morphine plus ketamine) there was a 17% less in opioid consumption, however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Considering adverse effects derívate from opioids, there was not a significant difference between groups.

Conclusion

Ketamine initiated with IV PCA for postoperative pain control after laparotomy does not reduce significantly morphine consumption or adverse effects related to opioid effect.

Key words:
Patient controlled analgesia
postoperative pain
ketamine
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Sección de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

Copyright © 2008. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
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