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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología Factores de predicción del uso de soporte inotrópico en cirugía cardiaca: Hos...
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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 77-84 (May - July 2008)
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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 77-84 (May - July 2008)
ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
Open Access
Factores de predicción del uso de soporte inotrópico en cirugía cardiaca: Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, San José, Costa Rica, septiembre de 2005 a enero de 2007
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Catalina Morales
** Asistente de Anestesiología, Hospital Calderón Guardia, San José, Costa Rica; profesora titular del posgrado de Anestesiología, Universidad de Costa Rica; miembro del equipo de anestesia cardiovascular.
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RESUMEN
Objetivo

En cirugía cardiaca se utilizan inotrópicos en un gran porcentaje de los pacientes. Es importante tener en cuenta los efectos deletéreos de estos fármacos y la posibilidad de que aumenten la morbimortalidad perioperatoria si se usan en forma inadecuada. En este estudio se pretende describir los factores de predicción del uso de soporte inotrópico en los pacientes de cirugía cardiaca del Hospital Calderón Guardia con el fin de disminuir su utilización innecesaria.

Métodos

Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes operados de cirugía cardiaca en el Hospital Calderón Guardia entre septiembre de 2005 y enero de 2007. En total fueron 119 pacientes.

Resultados

Al analizar los datos no existe una diferencia significativa en el uso de inotrópicos en cuanto a: grupos etarios, sexo, enfermedades concomitantes, diagnóstico quirúrgico, cirugía realizada, anestesiólogo, clasificación de la American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), tiempo de circulación extracorpórea, antecedente de infarto de miocardio, número de infartos o tiempo transcurrido desde el último. Las variables que se relacionaron con la necesidad de soporte inotrópico fueron: la clasificación de la New York Heart Association, el balance de líquidos positivo, la fracción de eyección y el uso de balón de contrapulsación, el tiempo de cirugía y el de pinzamiento.

Conclusión

Existen algunas variables que se relacionan con un mayor uso de inotrópicos.

Palabras clave:
cirugía cardiaca
inotrópicos
factores de predicción
Key words:
cardiac surgery
inotropic drugs
predictors
SUMMARY
Background

In cardiac surgery, inotropic drugs are used frequently. It is important to analyze the effects of these drugs and the possibility to increase adverse outcomes when they are used incorrectly. The purpose of this study was to describe the inotropic requirement predictors. It pretends to reduce the use of these drugs in patients that do not need them.

Methods

We analyzed patient files who underwent surgery between September 2005 and January 2007 in the Calderón Guardia Hospital in San José, Costa Rica. They were 119 patients.

Results

There was no difference in the use of inotropes related to age, sex, concomitant diseases, surgical diagnosis, surgery perform or anesthesiologist. The previous history of cardiac infarction, the number of them or the time between the surgery and the last one were not related to the inotropic requirement. There was no relation between the American Society of Anesthesilogists score and the need of inotropic support; but a higher New York Heart Association score had a positive relation with the use of inotropes. The duration of the aortic clamp and the surgery time were also related with the need of inotropic support. The time of extracorporeal circulation had no relation with the need of inotropic drugs. There was a higher need for inotropic support in patients with a positive liquid balance and in patients with intraaortic balloon pulsation. The ejection fraction was a predictor of the need of inotropic drugs.

Conclusion

There are some variables related to a greater need of inotropics drugs.

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Copyright © 2008. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
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