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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología Morbimortalidad en cirugía mayor de cadera: ensayo clínico controlado de la ef...
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 189-201 (August - October 2009)
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 189-201 (August - October 2009)
INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA
Open Access
Morbimortalidad en cirugía mayor de cadera: ensayo clínico controlado de la eficacia de la anestesia raquídea selectiva comparada con la anestesia general balanceada
Morbimortality in major hip surgery
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Héctor Julio Meléndez
, Arturo Mercado**, Julián Higuera Cobos***
* MD. Anestesiólogo Intensivista Epidemiólogo Profesor Asociado UIS.
** MD. Anestesiólogo UIS
*** MD. Anestesiólogo UIS – HUS
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RESUMEN
Objetivos

Determinar si la mortalidad temprana y a seis meses en pacientes ancianos, sometidos a cirugías de cadera, está relacionada con el tipo de anestesia utilizada.

Métodos

Se diseñó un estudio clínico controlado de 89 pacientes distribuidos en dos grupos. Los pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente, las dos técnicas se estandarizaron y todos tuvieron catéter epidural durante 48 horas después de la cirugía. Se definió la morbilidad según la codificación CIE X y la mortalidad, según el certificado de defunción. Se hizo seguimiento posquirúrgico inmediato en recuperación y en salas de hospitalización, hasta que fueron dados de alta. El seguimiento se continuó telefónicamente al mes, a los tres meses y a los seis meses.

Resultados

La mortalidad fue de 14,61% y el riesgo absoluto y el riesgo relativo fueron mayores en el grupo de anestesia general (20%) en comparación con la anestesia regional selectiva (9,1%), pero sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Las causas de muerte fueron de origen cardiovascular (10,1%) e infeccioso (4,5%), sin diferencias entre los grupos. Se presentó una morbilidad general de 31,6%, con mayor riesgo absoluto y riesgo relativo en el grupo intervenido que en el control, pero sin diferencias significativas.

Conclusiones

La mortalidad temprana y a seis meses con anestesia general, comparadas con la anestesia regional selectiva, presentan mayor riesgo absoluto y riesgo relativo (20% Vs.11,6%; RR=2,2), diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos. Se requiere mayor poder para demostrar significancia.

Palabras clave:
artroplastia de reemplazo de cadera
anestesia espinal
anestesia general
ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio (fuente: DeCS, Bireme)
SUMMARY
Objectives

Determining whether early mortality and at six months in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery was related to the type of anaesthesia used.

Methods

A controlled clinical trial was designed using 89 patients distributed into two groups. Patients were randomly assigned. Both techniques were standardised and all had an epidural catheter for 48 hrs POP. Morbidity was defined according to CIE X codification and mortality according to death certifícate. Immediate post-operative follow-up was carried out in recovery and intrahospital periods until patients were discharged. Telephonic follow-up was continued after one month, the third month and after six months.

Results

Mortality was 14.61%, absolute and relative risks being greater in the general anaesthesia group of (20%) cf 9.09% having selective regional anaesthesia, but with no significant differences between them. Causes of death were cardiovascular (10.12%) and infectious aetiology (4.49%), having no differences between groups. 31.57% general morbidity was presented, having greater absolute and relative risks in the group intervened than in the control group, but without significant differences.

Conclusions

Early mortality and at six months with general anaesthesia compared to selective regional anaesthesia presented greater absolute and relative risks (20% cf 11.61% RR=2.2), having significant differences between both groups. Greater power is needed for demonstrating significance.

Key words:
arthroplasty
replacement
hip
anesthesia
spinal
general
randomized controlled trial (source: MeSH, NLM)
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Tercer puesto – Concurso Rafael Peña – XXVIII Congreso Colombiano de Anestesiología, marzo 2009, Bogotá.

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