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Vol. 40. Issue 2.
Pages 162-166 (April - June 2012)
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Vol. 40. Issue 2.
Pages 162-166 (April - June 2012)
Open Access
Paraparesia espástica tropical y anestesia: reporte de caso y revisión temática
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and Anesthesia: Case Report and Topic Review
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Ricardo Poveda-Jaramilloa,
Corresponding author
ricardopovedamd@yahoo.com

Autor para correspondencia: Oficina de Postgrados, Sede Zaragosilla-Campus de la Salud, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
, Adalberto Pacheco Pachecoa, Alfonso Martínezb
a Médico, Estudiante de posgrado, Anestesiología y Reanimación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
b Médico, Especialista en Anestesiología y Reanimación, Subespecialista en algología, Hospital Universitario de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

La paraparesia espástica tropical es una infección endémica en Colombia, causada por el retrovirus HTLV-1. Se caracteriza por una mielopatía de lenta instauración que compromete principalmente los miembros inferiores. Las complicaciones como escaras por decúbito prolongado, retención urinaria por disfunción esfinteriana, fracturas, etc. hacen de estos pacientes candidatos quirúrgicos potenciales.

Objetivo

Reporte de caso y revisión temática de la fisiopatología, la epidemiología, la clínica y el tratamiento, y de los aspectos anestésicos básicos de la enfermedad.

Metodología

Reporte de caso y revisión temática. Se incluyeron en la búsqueda ensayos clínicos, metaanálisis, guías para la práctica, ensayos controlados aleatorizados, revisiones, reportes de casos, artículos clásicos, estudios comparativos, conferencias de consenso, clases magistrales y libros de texto, de artículos publicados sobre paraparesia espástica tropical/mielopatía asociada al HTLV-1 (PET/MAH) e implicaciones anestésicas. Se incluyeron las publicaciones cuyo tema central fuese etiología, fisiopatología, epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, tratamiento y repercusiones anestésicas de PET/MAH. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, MdConsult, EBSCOhost, OvidSP y Scielo de artículos en inglés y español. Se utilizaron los términos MeSH: paraparesis, tropical spastic, anesthesia y los términos DeCS: paraparesia espástica tropical, anestesia. Se estudiaron de forma independiente los títulos y resúmenes de los artículos identificados en las bases de datos.

Resultados

Se describe el caso de un adulto masculino quien fue llevado a cirugía para reconexión uretral, después de presentar una de las complicaciones características de la paraparesia espástica tropical. La búsqueda arrojó 1.829 estudios. Veinte escritos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se hace una presentación de implicaciones anestésicas y de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Paraparesia espástica tropical
Enfermedades de la médula espinal
Anestesia
Rotavirus
Abstract
Introduction

Tropical spastic paraparesis is an endemic infection in Colombia caused by the HTLV-1 retrovirus. It is characterized by a slow and progressive myelopathy that initially targets lower limbs. Complications such as eschars due to a prolonged decubitus, urinary retention to sphincter dysfunction, fractures, etc. make these patients potential surgery candidates.

Objective

To report a case and to review the physiopathology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and basic anesthetic considerations of this disease.

Methods

Case report and topic review. The research included clinical trials, meta-analysis, practice guides, randomized controlled assays, revisions, case reports, classic articles, comparative studies, consensus conferences, magisterial classes and textbooks regarding published articles on Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1 (TSP/HAM) Associated Myelopathy and anesthetic implications. Publications focused on etiology, physiopatology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and anesthetic repercussions of TSP/HAM were included in this article. Research was carried out through PubMed, MdConsult, EBSCOhost, OvidSP, and Scielo, of articles in English and Spanish. The MeSH terms used were: Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic, Anesthesia and the DeCS terms were: Paraparesia Espástica Tropical, Anestesia. Titles and abstracts of articles identified in the database were studied independently

Results

We describe the case of a male adult patient who was admitted to surgery for urethral reconnection after presenting a classic complication of Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Research on the topic yielded 1829 studies. A total 20 writings met the inclusion criteria. We present implications regarding anesthesia and the disease.

Keywords:
Tropical spastic paraparesis
Spinal cord diseases
Anesthesia
Retroviridae
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Copyright © 2012. Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación
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