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Vol. 15. Issue 4.
Pages 202-211 (January 2011)
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Vol. 15. Issue 4.
Pages 202-211 (January 2011)
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Tumores estromales gastrointestinales (GIST) en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogota D.C., Colombia 2000-2008
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) at the National Cancer Institute, Bogota D.C., Colombia 2000-2008
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Ricardo Oliveros1,
Corresponding author
roliveros4@yahoo.es

Correspondencia Grupo Cirugía Gastrointestinal y Endoscopia Digestiva, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Avenida 1a No 9-85. Bogota, Colombia Tel.: 3341111, ext. 5405.
, Álvaro Pío Quintero2, Ricardo Sánchez3,5, Jorge Andrés Mesa4
1 Grupo de Cirugía Gastrointestinal y Endoscopia Digestiva, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
2 Grupo de Gastroenterología y Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital San Rafael, Tunja, Colombia
3 Grupo de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
4 Grupo de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
5 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Resumen
Objetivo

Describir las características demográficas, clínicas y patológicas, así como el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los pacientes con tumores estromales gastrointestinales (GIST) del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) durante el periodo comprendido entre 2000 y 2008.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo, de 39 pacientes con diagnóstico de GIST, donde se analizan las características clínicas los diagnósticos patológico y de inmunohistoquímica, al igual que los factores pronósticos, como tamaño, conteo mitótico y localización. Se revisa los manejos quirúrgico y médico, el seguimiento y la recurrencia, de acuerdo con la localización de las lesiones.

Resultados

Se incluyó a 39 pacientes, con edad promedio de 53 años. La localización más habitual fue el estómago, con 16 casos, seguida del intestino delgado, con 9. De los pacientes, 24 presentaban lesiones mayores a 10cm y, 19 con lesiones que microscópicamente mostraban menos de 5 mitosisx50 campos. Excepto una, todas las lesiones fueron positivas para CD117. El síntoma más habitual fue el dolor abdominal. De los 39 pacientes, 7 tenían metástasis al momento del diagnóstico. Al 43,7% de los pacientes se les tomó biopsia preoperatoria, y 38 pacientes fueron llevados a cirugía; 8 de ellos, por obstrucción intestinal con localización en el intestino delgado. El tiempo de seguimiento osciló entre 2 y 72 meses. Se presentaron 16 recaídas, con una tasa de 1,26x100 pacientes. La supervivencia media fue de 48,53 meses.

Conclusiones

Los GIST son un grupo de tumores de mayor diagnóstico cada día, debido a la sospecha clínica y al diagnóstico por inmunohistoquímica. El manejo es, primordialmente, quirúrgico, pero en la actualidad la adyuvancia y la neoadyuvancia con ITK son parte del manejo de esta patología.

Palabras clave:
Tumores del estroma gastrointestinal
pronóstico
resultado del tratamiento
marcadores biológicos de tumor
proteínas protooncogénicas c-kit
antígeno Ki-67.
Abstract
Objective

To describe the demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics, as well as diagnosis, treatment and follow up in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) between 2000 and 2008.

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out on 39 patients diagnosed with GIST in which the diagnostic pathology and immunohistochemical clinical characteristics were analyzed, as were prognostic factors such as size, mitotic count and localization. Surgical and medical procedures along with follow up and recurrence were reviewed in relation to lesion localization.

Results

The study included 39 patients with an average age of 53 years. Most common localization was the stomach (16 cases), followed by the small intestine (9 cases). Out of total number of patients, 24 had lesions greater than 10cm. and 19 had lesions less than 5 mitosisx50 fields. All but one lesion tested CD117 positive. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom. Of the 39 patients, 7 had metastasis at time of diagnosis. Preoperative biopsy was taken on 43.7% of patients, and 38 patients underwent surgery; 8 of whom for intestinal obstruction in the small intestine. Follow up ranged from 2 to 72 months. Relapse occurred in 16 cases, for a rate of 1.26 per 100 patients. Median survival rate was 48.53 months.

Conclusions

GISTs make up a group of tumors with ever increasing diagnosis due to clinical suspicion and immunohistochemical diagnosis. Treatment is primarily surgical, but adjuvant and neo-adjuvant ITK treatment are currently used to treat this pathology.

Key words:
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Prognosis
Treatment Outcome
Tumor Markers
Biological
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
Ki-67 Antigen.
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Copyright © 2011. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
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