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Vol. 17. Issue 5.
Pages 207-213 (September - October 2010)
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Vol. 17. Issue 5.
Pages 207-213 (September - October 2010)
Open Access
Adipocitos, obesidad visceral, inflamación y enfermedad cardiovascular
Adipocytes, visceral obesity, inflammation and cardiovascular disease
Visits
12874
Fernando Manzur1,
Corresponding author
fmanzur1954@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiológico. Calle 5 No. 6-47 Cons. 108. Cartagena, Colombia. Teléfono: (095) 6652290.
, Ciro Alvear2, Alicia Norma Alayón3
1 Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo CIB (Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiológico para la Investigación Biomédica). Cartagena, Colombia
2 Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Medicina. Cartagena, Colombia
3 Grupo Investigaciones Biomédicas (GIB). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad de San Buenaventura. Cartagena, Colombia
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La obesidad es un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial. Se considera el resultado de la combinación de factores genéticos, alimentación inadecuada y falta de actividad física regular. La ingestión de una dieta de alta densidad energética, es la principal causa de obesidad visceral o central, ya que el exceso de energía se almacena en los adipocitos, que aumentan en tamaño y en número, o ambos, en especial los viscerales, produciendo un incremento en la tasa de lipólisis, que a su vez, estimula la secreción de citoquinas por leucocitos, macrófagos y adipocitos, y conduce a estado proinflamatorio, resistencia a la insulina y disfunción endotelial. Esta última, favorecida por el proceso inflamatorio, puede ser el vínculo de unión entre la obesidad y la enfermedad cardiovascular. Así, la disfunción del tejido adiposo representa el mecanismo etiopatogénico en el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular, iniciado por la obesidad visceral.

Palabras clave:
adipocitos
grasa intra-abdominal
adipocinas
inflamación
enfermedades cardiovasculares

Worldwide obesity is an important health problem that results from the combination of genetic factors, inadequate food intake and lack of regular physical activity. Intake of a high energy-dense diet is the main cause of visceral and central obesity, since energy excess is stored in adipocytes that increase in size and/or number, especially visceral adipocytes, causing an increment in lipolysis rate that in turn stimulates the cytokines secretion from leucocytes, macrophages and adipocytes, leading to a pro-inflammatory state, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. This endothelial dysfunction favored by the inflammatory process can be the connecting bond between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Thus, adipose tisssue dysfunction constitutes the ethio-pathogenic mechanism in the development of cardiovascular disease, initiated by visceral obesity.

Key words:
adipocytes
intra-abdominal fat
adipokines
inflammation
cardiovascular diseases
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
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