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Vol. 17. Issue 6.
Pages 265-272 (November - December 2010)
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Vol. 17. Issue 6.
Pages 265-272 (November - December 2010)
Open Access
Características morfológicas y posibles implicaciones clínicas de las arterias nodales
Morphological characteristics and potential clinical implications of nodal arteries
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Luis E. Ballesteros1,
Corresponding author
lballest56@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Avenida González Valencia No. 54-25. Tel +6578572. Bucaramanga-Colombia.
, Luis M. Ramírez2, Pedro L. Forero3
1 Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga- Colombia
2 Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino. Bucaramanga-Colombia
3 Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. Bucaramanga-Colombia
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La expresión morfológica de las arterias nodales es relevante en el diagnóstico y manejo de eventos clínicos y en abordajes quirúrgicos del corazón. Se estudiaron 88 arterias nodales de corazones obtenidos como material de autopsia. Las arterias coronarias se inyectaron con resina poliéster pigmentada de color rojo. Se registraron las formas de presentación de las arterias nodales y sus características morfométricas. La arteria del nodo sinoatrial se originó de la coronaria derecha en 52 casos (59,1%), de la circunfleja en 33 corazones (37,35%) y de ambas en 3 (3,4%). Su calibre proximal fue de 1,31mm (± 0,3), correspondiente a las arterias originadas de la coronaria derecha de 1,25mm (± 0,3) mientras que las que se originaron de la arteria circunfleja obtuvieron un calibre de 1,42mm (± 0,3), siendo esta diferencia significativa (p= 0,01). Se originó con mayor frecuencia en el tercio anteromedial, tanto de la coronaria derecha como de la circunfleja (54,6% y 61,2% respectivamente). En su segmento final cruzó por delante de la desembocadura de la vena cava superior en la mayoría de los casos (44%), mientras que en 22 corazones (24,5%) cursó alrededor de la cava. Se observó arteria en forma de «S» en 14 casos (15,9% del total de la muestra y 42,4% de las originadas de la arteria circunfleja). La arteria del nodo atrioventricular se originó del segmento en «U» invertida de la coronaria derecha, al nivel de la cruz cardiaca, en 81 corazones (92%), y presentó un calibre proximal de 1,06mm (± 0,22). Con relación al calibre y al origen se evidencian hallazgos que coinciden con estudios previos. Se destaca la alta prevalencia de la arteria en forma de «S» y de la trayectoria de la arteria sinoatrial alrededor de la vena cava superior.

Palabras clave:
arteria del nodo sinoatrial
arteria del nodo atrioventricular
circulación coronaria
arteria sinoatrial en forma de «S»

The morphological expression of nodal arteries is important in the diagnosis and management of cardiac clinical events and surgical approaches. 88 nodal arteries of hearts obtained from autopsies were studied. Coronary arteries were injected with polyester resin pigmented with red. Morphological and morphometrical characteristics of nodal arteries were registered. The sinoatrial node artery had its origin in the right coronary artery in 52 cases (59,1%), in the circumflex in 33 (37,35%), and in both in 3 (3,4%). Its proximal caliber was 1,31mm (± 0,3), corresponding to the arteries originated in the right coronary artery of 1,25mm (± 0,3), while those that originated in the circumflex artery had a caliber of 1,42mm (± 0,3), difference that was significant (p= 0,01). Its origin occurred more frequently in the anteriomedial third of both the right coronary artery and the circumflex artery (54,6% and 61,2% respectively). In its final segment, it crossed in most cases (44%) in front of the cava vein, while in 22 hearts (24,5%) went around the cava vein. In 14 cases the artery had an «S» shape (15,9% of the total sample and 42,4% of those arising from the circumflex artery). The atrioventricular node artery was originated from the segment in inverted «U» of the right coronary artery, at the level of the crux cardia in 81 hearts (92%) and had a proximal caliber of 1,06mm (± 022). In relation to the caliber and origin, the findings are consistent with previous studies. Prevalence of «S» shape artery and trajectory of the sinoatrial artery around the superior cava vein are highlighted.

Key words:
sinoatrial node artery
atrioventricular node artery
coronary circulation
S-shaped sinoatrial artery
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
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