Article information
Objetivo
Evaluar el efecto del ejercicio aeróbico en la función dependiente del endotelio (VDE) y en el consumo de oxígeno en mujeres primigestantes.
MétodosEnsayo clínico controlado, enmascarado y aleatorizado, llevado a cabo en 67 mujeres saludables, primigestantes, entre 16 a 20 semanas de gestación. Grupo de intervención: ejercicio aeróbico entre 50% y 65% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima, durante 45 minutos, tres veces por semana, durante dieciséis semanas. Grupo control: actividad física habitual. Mediciones: VDE: vasodilatación mediada por flujo (VMF), consumo de oxígeno VO2max: prueba de caminata de seis minutos; antropometría: peso y talla.
ResultadosEn las mediciones iniciales no se encontraron diferencias entre grupos en ninguna de las variables. Al finalizar la intervención, las participantes que realizaron ejercicio tenían mayor capacidad física, medida por la distancia recorrida en el test de caminata (p=0,043) y por el VO2max (p=0,023). Además, el grupo de ejercicio tuvo menor frecuencia cardiaca en reposo y mayor VMF que el grupo control (p<0,05). Ambos grupos aumentaron la frecuencia cardiaca en reposo, el diámetro basal y el diámetro post-hiperemia de la arteria braquial al final de la intervención (p<0,05).
ConclusiónLa práctica regular de ejercicio aeróbico y controlado, mejora la función endotelial y la capacidad física en mujeres gestantes. Por esta razón, intervenciones como esta podrían ser una alternativa temprana y efectiva para fortalecer la prevención de patologías durante el embarazo asociadas con disfunción endotelial.
Palabras clave:
función endotelial
embarazo
ejercicio aeróbico
consumo de oxígeno
Objective
Evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on endothelium-dependent function (EDF) and oxygen consumption in primigravida.
MethodsDouble-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial carried out in primigravida between 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. The intervention group had aerobic exercise between 50% to 65% of the maximum heart rate during 45 minutes, three times a week for sixteen weeks. The control group had habitual physical activity.
Measurements realized: EDF: flow-mediated dilation (FMD), oxygen consumption VO2max: 6 minute walking test, anthropometry: weight and size.
ResultsNo differences were found between the two groups in any variables in the initial measurements. At the end of the intervention, participants who exercised had greater physical capacity, measured by the distance covered in walking test (p=0.043) and VO2max (p=0.023). In addition, the exercise group had lower resting heart rate and increased FMD than the control group (p <0.05). Both groups increased the resting heart rate, basal diameter and post-hyperemia diameter of the brachial artery at the end of the intervention (p <0.05).
ConclusionRegular practice of controlled aerobic exercise improves endothelial function and physical capacity in primigravida. For this reason, interventions like this could be an early and effective alternative to strengthen prevention of pathologies associated with endothelial dysfunction during pregnancy.
Key words:
endothelial function
pregnancy
primigravida
aerobic exercise
oxygen consumption
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