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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Cardiología Estado actual de la rehabilitación cardiovascular en Colombia (2010)
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Vol. 18. Issue 6.
Pages 305-315 (November - December 2011)
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Vol. 18. Issue 6.
Pages 305-315 (November - December 2011)
Open Access
Estado actual de la rehabilitación cardiovascular en Colombia (2010)
Current status of cardiovascular rehabilitation in Colombia (2010)
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5483
Claudia V. Anchique1,3,
Corresponding author
claudia.anchiquesantos@gmail.com

Correspondencia: Cra. 16 No. 14-68. Cons.: 210. Duitama, Boyacá. Tel 87 60 24 10.
, Carmen Pérez-Terzic2,3, Francisco López-Jiménez2,3, Mery Cortés-Bergoderi2,3
1 Mediagnóstica, Duitama, Boyacá, Colombia
2 Cardiovascular Health Clinic, Clínica Mayo, Rochester, MN (USA)
3 American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation
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Article information
Introducción

las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la primera causa de morbimortalidad en muchos países del mundo, entre los que se incluye Colombia. Es así como la rehabilitación cardiovascular se convierte en una estrategia de prevención secundaria con intervención integral y costo-efectiva para este tipo de pacientes.

Objetivo

evaluar la situación actual de los programas de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular en Colombia.

Métodos

estudio descriptivo, realizado por medio de un cuestionario escrito, aplicado al coordinador y/o responsable de cada programa de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular del país.

Análisis de resultados

44 de 49 centros contactados respondieron el cuestionario. 88,6% de los programas pertenece a la red privada y 6,8% a la pública; 75% funciona dentro de un hospital o clínica y 25% son extra hospitalarios. La enfermedad coronaria es la principal patología que genera la remisión de los pacientes a los centros de rehabilitación cardiovascular. El recurso humano es variable en cuanto a su conformación, permanencia y actividades al interior del programa. Todos los centros realizan la fase II, seguida por las fases III (84,1%), I (70,5%) y IV (45,5%). 58% de los programas siempre incluye pruebas diagnósticas de factores de riesgo convencionales (colesterol total y fracciones, triglicéridos y glicemia); 97,7% de los programas refiere evaluar al paciente de manera integral con la inclusión de aspectos de actividad física y nutrición; sin embargo, se evidencia menor porcentaje de implementación del manejo del tabaquismo (45,5%), así como de programas de salud cardiovascular en la mujer (15,95%), prevención cardiovascular para la comunidad (18,2%), pruebas para detección de depresión (25%), apnea del sueño (0%) y caminata de seis minutos (65,9%). La principal barrera detectada en la atención de pacientes corresponde a la falta de remisión por parte del médico tratante (65,9%).

Conclusión

el desarrollo de los programas de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular en el país debe evaluarse de acuerdo con las cifras de morbimortalidad cardiovascular, la estratificación del riesgo de los pacientes, el acceso al servicio y los resultados más relevantes de este estudio, por lo cual se hace necesario trabajar en la definición de las líneas de base de los requerimientos de los programas que favorezcan el trabajo y la aproximación interdisciplinaria e integral así como el cumplimiento de los objetivos, dando prioridad a la seguridad del paciente.

Palabras clave:
enfermedad coronaria
prevención secundaria
Rehabilitación Cardiovascular
Introduction

cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries around the world, including Colombia. Thus, cardiovascular rehabilitation becomes a secondary prevention strategy with integral and cost-effective intervention for these patients.

Objective

to assess the current status of cardiac rehabilitation programs in Colombia.

Methods

a descriptive study, carried out through a written questionnaire, applied to the coordinator and/or responsible for each cardiac rehabilitation program in the country.

Result analysis

44 of 49 centers contacted answered the questionnaire. 88.6% of the programs belonging to the private network and 6.8% to the public; 75% work within a hospital or clinic and 25% are outpatient. Coronary heart disease is the main pathology that generates the referral of patients to cardiovascular rehabilitation centers. Human resources are variable in their shape, stay and activities within the program. All centers perform phase II, followed by stages III (84.1%), I (70.5%) and IV (45.5%). 58% of the programs always include diagnostic tests for conventional risk factors (total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides and glucose), 97.7% of the programs referred to assess the patient in a holistic manner including aspects of nutrition and physical activity; however, a lower percentage of implementation of the management of smoking (45.5%), of cardiovascular health programs in women (15.95%), cardiovascular prevention for the community (18.2%), testing detection of depression (25%), sleep apnea (0%) and six minute walk (65.9%) was noticed. The main barrier identified in the care of patients corresponds to the lack of referral by the treating physician (65.9%).

Conclusion

the development of cardiac rehabilitation programs in the country should be assessed according to the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates, risk stratification of patients, access to the service and the most important results of this study, thereby making necessary to work on defining the baselines of the requirements of the programs that encourage work and interdisciplinary and integral approach as well as the fulfillment of the objectives, giving priority to patient safety.

Keywords:
coronary heart disease
secondary prevention
Cardiovascular Rehabilitation
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