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Vol. 20. Issue 5.
Pages 320-324 (September - October 2013)
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Vol. 20. Issue 5.
Pages 320-324 (September - October 2013)
Open Access
Necrosis licuefactiva del anillo
Liquefactive necrosis of the mitral ring
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Gustavo Restrepo1,
Corresponding author
, Salim Ahumada2,3, Erik Trespalacios2,3
1 Servicio de Cardiología no Invasiva, Clínica Medellín. Medellín, Colombia
2 Servicio de Ecocardiografía, Clínica Medellín. Medellín, Colombia
3 Facultad de Medicina. Universidad CES. Medellín, Colombia
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La calcificación del anillo mitral es una entidad crónica degenerativa del anillo fibroso de la válvula mitral, que compromete el anillo posterior, y acarrea factores de riesgo similares a los de la aterosclerosis. La necrosis licuefactiva o caseosa del anillo mitral, es una patología menos reconocida y descrita, que consiste en una calcificación perianular extensa, con apariencia característica de gran masa esférica con un área ecolúcida central, similar a una masa o tumor, compuesta por una mezcla de calcio, ácidos grasos y colesterol, la cual, con frecuencia, se confunde con abscesos miocárdicos, tumores o trombos, y en algunos casos conduce a procedimientos quirúrgicos innecesarios. Su hallazgo es incidental durante la realización de ecocardiografía; generalmente está asociada con un pronóstico benigno, aunque algunas veces puede comprometer funcionalmente la válvula mitral y desencadenar insuficiencia o estenosis importante desde el punto de vista clínico.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 63 años con necrosis licuefactiva, diagnosticada inicialmente de manera errónea con trombo atrial, quien pudo haber sido sometida a un procedimiento quirúrgico innecesario. Se discuten las imágenes características y los diagnósticos diferenciales de esta patología.

Palabras clave:
válvula mitral
necrosis
calcio
ecocardiografía
Keywords:
mitral valve
necrosis
calcium
echocardiography

Calcification of the mitral annulus is a chronic degenerative process of the mitral valve fibrous ring which involves the posterior ring and has similar risk factors as those of atherosclerosis. Liquefactive or caseous necrosis of the mitral annulus is a less recognized and described pathology which consists of an extensive periannular calcification with characteristic appearance of a large spherical mass with a central echolucent area, similar to a mass or tumor. It is composed of a mixture of calcium, fatty acids and cholesterol and is often confused with myocardial abscesses, tumors or thrombi, and in some cases may lead to unnecessary surgical procedures. Its finding is incidental during echocardiography, and is usually associated with a benign prognosis, although sometimes can compromise functionally the mitral valve and trigger insufficiency or significant stenosis from a clinical point of view.

We report the case of a 63 year old female patient with liquefactive necrosis initially misdiagnosed as atrial thrombus who could have been subjected to an unnecessary surgical procedure. Characteristic images and differential diagnosis of this pathology are discussed.

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Copyright © 2013. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
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