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Vol. 20. Issue 3.
Pages 154-160 (May - June 2013)
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Vol. 20. Issue 3.
Pages 154-160 (May - June 2013)
Open Access
Nuevos antiagregantes plaquetarios en síndrome coronario agudo
New antiplatelet agents in acute coronary syndrome
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Andrés F. Buitrago1,
Corresponding author
abuitrag@uniandes.edu.co

Correspondencia: Calle 119 No. 7-75. Tel (571) 603 0303. Ext.: 5492, Bogotá, Colombia.
, Mabel Gómez1, Mariana Soto2, Jesús H. Díaz2
1 Departamento de Medicina Interna, sección de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia
2 Departamento de Medicina Crítica y Cuidado Intensivo, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia
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En la actualidad las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte en los países industrializados y para 2020, lo serán en países en vía de desarrollo. El síndrome coronario agudo se caracteriza por la ruptura o erosión de una placa aterosclerótica que trae consigo grados variables de trombosis y embolización distal, que llevan a una disminución en la perfusión miocárdica. Posterior a la disrupción vascular, empieza un proceso de agregación, activación y adhesión plaquetaria que inicia la formación del trombo mural. Dado que el primer paso en la formación del trombo coronario involucra la activación y la agregación plaquetaria, el tratamiento con medicamentos antiplaquetarios es una de las piedras angulares del síndrome coronario agudo. La antiagregación dual con ácido acetil salicílico y un inhibidor del receptor P2Y12, hacen parte del manejo actual de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo y de aquellos sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea. El clopidogrel es el inhibidor del receptor P2Y12 más utilizado; sin embargo, sus beneficios clínicos se ven limitados por varios factores que interfieren con la conversión del medicamento a su metabolito activo. Es por esto que recientemente se han desarrollado nuevos inhibidores del receptor P2Y12, como prasugrel y ticagrelor, con un efecto antiplaquetario más potente y mayores beneficios clínicos. Las actualizaciones recientes de las guías de manejo basadas en la evidencia los han incluido como parte del tratamiento de esta patología con un grado de recomendación incluso mayor que el de clopidogrel.

Palabras clave:
síndrome coronario
infarto agudo del miocardio
medicina basada en la evidencia

Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in industrialized countries, and by 2020 they will be in developing countries. Acute coronary syndrome is characterized by the rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque that entails varying degrees of thrombosis and distal embolization, leading to a decrease in myocardial perfusion. Following vascular disruption begins a process of aggregation, platelet activation and adhesion starting the mural thrombus formation. As the first step in coronary thrombus formation involves activation and platelet aggregation, antiplatelet drug therapy is one of the cornerstones of acute coronary syndrome. The dual antiaggregation therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor are part of the current management of patients with acute coronary syndrome and of those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Clopidogrel is the most used P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, but its clinical benefits are limited by several factors that interfere with the conversion of the drug to its active metabolite. This is why new P2Y12 receptor inhibitors such as prasugrel and ticagrelor, with more potent antiplatelet effect and greater clinical benefits have been recently developed. Recent updates of the management guidelines based on the evidence have included them as part of the treatment of this pathology with a degree of recommendation even greater than that of clopidogrel.

Keywords:
coronary syndrome
acute myocardial infarction
evidence-based medicine
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Copyright © 2013. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
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