covid
Buscar en
Revista Colombiana de Cardiología
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Colombiana de Cardiología Síndromes aórticos agudos
Journal Information
Vol. 20. Issue 2.
Pages 114-121 (March - April 2013)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 20. Issue 2.
Pages 114-121 (March - April 2013)
Open Access
Síndromes aórticos agudos
Acute aortic syndromes
Visits
6672
Camilo Alvarado1,5,
Corresponding author
camilo.alvarado5@gmail.com

Correspondencia: Apartado aéreo: 275 Manizales, Caldas.
, Fernando Guzmán2,4,5, Fernando Vargas3,5, Ricardo Barragán2,5, Carlos A. Arias2,4,5
1 Semillero de Investigación en Medicina Interna. Universidad de Caldas. Manizales, Colombia
2 Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia
3 Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia
4 Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Bogotá, Colombia
5 Instituciones: Semillero de investigación en Medicina Interna MEDICAL, Universidad de Caldas, Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Militar Nueva Granada y Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information

La disección aórtica clásica es el síndrome aórtico más habitual. El común denominador de los síndromes aórticos agudos es la disrupción de la capa media, la presencia de hemorragia dentro de la pared (hematoma intramural), la separación extensa y progresiva de las capas en forma longitudinal (disección aórtica) y la disrupción de la pared debido a una placa ateromatosa que se ulcera (úlcera aterosclerótica penetrante). Los factores de riesgo asociados con mayor frecuencia son la hipertensión arterial (72%), la aterosclerosis (31%) y el antecedente de cirugía cardíaca previa. La clasificación de la disección aórtica aguda depende del sitio anatómico donde se encuentra el daño intimal y del segmento aórtico afectado. Las dos clasificaciones más usadas son los sistemas de DeBakey y Standford. El síntoma más común es el dolor torácico. En diferentes algoritmos se han usado la combinación de signos clínicos, herramientas no imaginológicas (electrocardiograma, los biomarcadores y la radiografía de tórax), y técnicas diagnósticas como el ecocardiograma, la tomografía axial computarizada, la aortografía y la resonancia magnética nuclear. Los síndromes aórticos agudos que comprometen la aorta ascendente son emergencias quirúrgicas.

Conclusiones

la disección aórtica continúa siendo una enfermedad vascular catastrófica, a pesar del manejo con técnicas quirúrgicas y el advenimiento de nuevas intervenciones endovasculares. La sospecha clínica y la consulta al especialista en cirugía cardiovascular son pilares fundamentales en el abordaje terapéutico temprano de los pacientes afectados por los síndromes aórticos agudos.

Palabras clave:
disección de aorta
aneurisma torácico
arco aórtico
taponamiento cardiaco
hipertensión arterial

Classic aortic dissection is the most common aortic syndrome. The common denominator of acute aortic syndromes is the disruption of the middle layer, the presence of hemorrhage within the aortic wall (intramural hematoma), longitudinal extensive and progressive separation of the layers (aortic dissection) and disruption of the wall due to ulceration of an atheromatous plaque (penetrating atheromatous ulcer). The risk factors most frequently associated with aortic dissection are hypertension (72%), atherosclerosis (31%) and a history of previous cardiac surgery. The classification of acute aortic dissection depends on the anatomical site of the intimal damage and the affected aortic segment. The two most widely used classifications are the DeBakey and Stanford systems. The most common symptom is chest pain. The combination of clinical signs, non-imaginological tools (electrocardiogram, biomarkers and chest radiography), and diagnostic techniques such as echocardiography, computed tomography, aortography and MRI have been used in different algorithms. Acute aortic syndromes that involve the ascending aorta are surgical emergencies.

Conclusions

aortic dissection remains a catastrophic vascular disease, despite surgical management techniques and the advent of new endovascular interventions. Clinical suspicion and consultation with a cardiovascular surgeon are cornerstones in the early therapeutic approach for patients affected by acute aortic syndromes.

Keywords:
aortic dissection
thoracic aneurysm
aortic arch
cardiac tamponade
arterial hypertension
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
C. Nienaber, J. Powell.
Management of acute aortic syndromes.
Eur Heart J, (2011), pp. ehr186
[2.]
P.G. Hagan, C.A. Nienaber, E.M. Isselbacher, D. Bruckman, D.J. Karavite, P.L. Russman, et al.
The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease.
JAMA, 283 (2000), pp. 897-903
[3.]
H. Icen, C. Cristoph Nienaber.
Tratamiento de los síndromes aórticos agudos.
Rev Esp Cardiol, 60 (2007), pp. 526-541
[4.]
S. Trimarchi, C.A. Nienaber, V. Rampoldi, T. Myrmel, T. Suzuki, E. Bossone, et al.
Role and results of surgery in acute type B aortic dissection: insights from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD).
Circulation, 114 (2006), pp. 357e64
[5.]
L.M. Parish, J.H. Gorman III, S. Kahn, et al.
Aortic size in acute type A dissection: Implications for preventative ascending aortic replacement.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 35 (2009), pp. 941
[6.]
F. Ganaha, D.C. Miller, K. Sugimoto, Y.S. Do, H. Minamiguchi, H. Saito, et al.
Prognosis of aortic intramural hematoma with and without penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer: a clinical and radiological analysis.
Circulation, 106 (2002), pp. 342-348
[7.]
J.S. Collins, A. Evangelista, C.A. Nienaber, et al.
Differences in clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection in patients with and without previous cardiac surgery.
[8.]
T.T. Tsai, A. Evangelista, C.A. Nienaber, T. Myrmel, G. Meinhardt, J.V. Cooper, et al.
Partial thrombosis of the false lumen in patients with acute type B aortic dissection.
N Engl J Med, 357 (2007), pp. 349e59
[9.]
T. Suzuki, R.H. Mehta, H. Ince, R. Nagai, Y. Sakomura, F. Weber, et al.
Clinical Profiles and Outcomes of Acute Type B Aortic Dissection in the Current Era: Lessons From the International Registry of Aortic Dissection (IRAD).
Circulation, 108 (2003), pp. II312-II317
[10.]
T. Tsai, C. Nienaber, K. Eagle.
Acute aortic syndromes.
Circulation, 112 (2005), pp. 3802-3813
[11.]
M. Thalmann, S. Gottfriend, H. Domanovits, M. Grassberger.
Acute type A aortic dissection and pregnancy; a population based study.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, (2011),
[12.]
R.H. Mehta, R. Manfredini, F. Hassan, et al.
Chronobiological patterns of acute aortic dissection.
Circulation, 106 (2002), pp. 1110-1115
[13.]
A. Evangelista, D. Mukherjee, R.H. Mehta, P.T. O’Gara, R. Fattori, J.V. Cooper, et al.
Acute intramural hematoma of the aorta: a mystery in evolution.
Circulation, 111 (2005), pp. 1063e70
[14.]
C.P. Chang, J.C. Liu, Y.M. Liou.
The role of false lumen size in prediction of in- Hospital complications after acute type B aortic dissection.
[15.]
S.W. Park, S. Hutchison, R.H. Mehta, E.M. Isselbacher, J.V. Cooper, J. Fang, et al.
Association of painless acute aortic dissection with increased mortality.
Mayo Clin Proc, 79 (2004), pp. 1252e7
[16.]
B.K. Nallamothu, R.H. Mehta, S. Saint, A. Llovet, E. Bossone, J.V. Cooper, et al.
Syncope in acute aortic dissection: diagnostic, prognostic, and clinical implications.
Am J Med, 113 (2002), pp. 468e71
[17.]
F. Earnest, J.R. Muhm, P.F. Sheedy.
Roentgenographic findings in thoracic aortic dissection.
Mayo Clin Proc, 54 (1979), pp. 43
[18.]
J. Calderón, C. Carvajal.
Disección aórtica.
Cuidado Crítico cardiovascular. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. Bogota:, (2004), pp. 295-307
[19.]
Y. Sugano, T. Anzai, T. Yoshikawa, T. Satoh, S. Iwanaga, T. Hayashi, C. Serum, et al.
reactive protein elevation predicts poor clinical outcome in patients with distal type acute aortic dissection: association with the occurrence of oxygenation impairment.
Int J Cardiol, 102 (2005), pp. 39-45
[20.]
C.H. Scott, M.G. Keane, V.A. Ferrari.
Echocardiographic evaluation of the thoracic aorta.
Semin Roentgenol, 36 (2001), pp. 325-333
[21.]
T. Shiga, Z. Wajima, C. Apfel, et al.
Diagnostic accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography, helical computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for suspected thoracic aortic disease: systematic review and metaanalysis.
Arch Intern Med, 166 (2006), pp. 1350-1356
[22.]
G. Hines, C. Dracea, D. Katz.
Diagnosis and management of acute type A aortic dissection.
Cardiology in Review, 19 (2011), pp. 226-232
[23.]
T.T. Tsai, C.A. Nienaber, K.A. Eagle.
Acute aortic syndromes.
Circulation, 112 (2005), pp. 3802-3813
[24.]
H. Eggebrecht, C.A. Nienaber, M. Neuhauser, et al.
Endovascular stentgraft placement in aortic dissection: a meta-analysis.
Eur Heart J, 4 (2005), pp. 489-498
[25.]
L.G. Svensson, N.T. Kouchoukos, D.C. Miller, J.E. Bavaria, J.S. Coselli, M.A. Curi, et al.
Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endovascular Surgery Task Force. Expert consensus document on the treatment of descending thoracic aortic disease using endovascular stent-grafts.
Ann Thorac Surg, 85 (2008), pp. 1-41
[26.]
J.C. Liu, J.Z. Zhang, J. Yang, J. Zuo, J.B. Zhang, S.Q. Yu, et al.
Combined interventional and surgical treatment for acute aortic type A dissection.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 31 (2008), pp. 745-750
[27.]
J.D. Parker, J. Golledge.
Outcome of endovascular treatment of acute type B aortic dissection.
Ann Thorac Surg, 86 (2008), pp. 1707-1712
[28.]
R. Fattori, T.T. Tsai, T. Myrmel, A. Evangelista, J.V. Cooper, S. Trimarchi, J. Li, et al.
Complicated acute type B dissection: is surgery still the best option?. A report from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection.
JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 1 (2008), pp. 395-402
[29.]
A.L. Estrera, C.C. Miller, T.T. Huynh, A. Azizzadeh, E.E. Porat, A. Vinnerkvist, et al.
Preoperative and operative predictors of delayed neurologic deficit following repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 126 (2003), pp. 1288-1294
Copyright © 2013. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
Download PDF
Article options