Strain y strain rate para dummies | Revista Colombiana de Cardiología

Article information

Desarrollos recientes en el campo de la ecocardiografía han permitido a los cardiólogos cuantificar de manera objetiva la función miocárdica regional y global con base en los conceptos de deformación (strain) y velocidad de deformación (strain rate) que pueden calcularse de manera no invasiva tanto en el ventrículo izquierdo como en el derecho, y suministrar valiosa información en múltiples escenarios clínicos. Dado que esta técnica novedosa y promisoria se utiliza cada vez más en la clínica y en estudios de investigación, se hace necesario el conocimiento adecuado de sus principios, así como de sus aspectos técnicos, alcances y limitaciones para una mejor implementación. En este artículo se busca dar explicación a los conceptos fundamentales y las potenciales aplicaciones clínicas de la strain y la strain rate derivados por speckle tracking (strain 2D).

Palabras clave:

strain

strain rate

speckle tracking

Recent developments in the field of echocardiography have allowed cardiologists to objectively quantify regional and global myocardial function based on the deformation (strain) and strain rate which can be calculated non-invasively in both the left or right ventricle, and provide valuable information in multiple clinical settings. Since this new technique is promising and is being increasingly used in clinical and research studies, the adequate knowledge of its principles and its technical aspects, scope and limitations are necessary for its better implementation. This article seeks to explain fundamental concepts and potential clinical applications of strain and strain rate derived by speckle tracking (2D strain).

Keywords:

strain

strain rate

speckle tracking

Full text is only aviable in PDF

Bibliografía

[1.]

H. Pavlopoulos, P. Nihoyannopoulos.

Strain and strain rate deformation parameters: from tissue Doppler to 2D speckle tracking.

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 24 (2008), pp. 479-491

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10554-007-9286-9 | Medline

[2.]

P.P. Sengupta, V.K. Krishnamoorthy, J. Korinek, et al.

Left ventricular form and function revisited: applied translational science to cardiovascular ultrasound imaging.

J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 20 (2007), pp. 539-551

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2006.10.013 | Medline

[3.]

A.J. Teske, B. De Boeck, P.G. Melman, G.T. Sieswerda, P.A. Doevendas, J.M. Cramer.

Echocardiographic quantification of myocardial function using tissue deformation imaging, a guide to image acquisition and analysis using tissue Doppler and speckle tracking.

Cardiovascular Ultrasound, 5 (2007), pp. 1-19

http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-7120-5-1 | Medline

[4.]

G. Holly, C. Giuseppe, A. Haruhiko, W. Susan, C. Scipione, G. Federico, et al.

Assessment of myocardial mechanics using speckle tracking echocardiography: fundamentals and clinical applications.

J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 23 (2010), pp. 351-369

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2010.02.015 | Medline

[5.]

M. Dandel, Lehmkuhl, C. Knosalla, N. Suramelashvili, R. Hetzer.

Strain and strain rate imaging by echocardiography Basic concepts and clinical applicability.

Curr Cardiol Rev, 5 (2009), pp. 133-148

http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340309788166642 | Medline

[6.]

V. Mor-Avi, R.M. Lang, L.P. Badano, J.L. Zamorano, N.M. Cardim, T. Marwick, et al.

Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications endorsed by the japanese society of echocardiography.

J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 24 (2011), pp. 277-313

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2011.01.015 | Medline

[7.]

T.H. Marwick.

Measurement of strain and strain rate by echocardiography: ready for prime time?.

J Am Coll Cardiol, 47 (2006), pp. 1313-1327

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.063 | Medline

[8.]

M. Leitman, P. Lysyansky, S. Sidenko, et al.

Two-dimensional strain-a novel software for real-time quantitative echocardiographic assessment of myocardial function.

J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 17 (2004), pp. 1021-1029

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2004.06.019 | Medline

[9.]

A. Manovel, D. Dawson, B. Smith, P. Nihoyannopoulos.

Assessment of left ventricular function by different speckle-tracking software.

Eur J Echocardiogr, 11 (2010), pp. 417-421

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejechocard/jep226 | Medline

[10.]

H. Belghitia, S. Brette, S. Lafitte, et al.

Automated function imaging: a new operatorindependent strain method for assessing left ventricular function.

Arch Cardiovasc Dis, 101 (2008), pp. 163-169

Medline

[11.]

Y. Notomi, P. Lysyansky, R.M. Setser, et al.

Measurement of ventricular torsion by twodimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging.

J Am Coll Cardiol, 45 (2005), pp. 2034-2041

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.082 | Medline

[12.]

H.M. Hurlburt, G.P. Aurigemma, J.C. Hill, et al.

Direct ultrasound measurement of longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain using 2-dimensional strain imaging in normal adults.

Echocardiography, 24 (2007), pp. 723-731

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2007.00460.x | Medline

[13.]

T.H. Marwick, R.L. Leano, J. Brown, et al.

Myocardial strain measurement with 2- dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography: definition of normal range.

JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2 (2009), pp. 80-84

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2007.12.007 | Medline

[14.]

B.H. Amundsen, T. Helle-Valle, T. Edvardsen, H. Torp, J. Crosby, E. Lyseggen, et al.

Noninvasive myocardial strain measurement by speckle tracking echocardiography: validation against sonomicrometry and tagged magnetic resonance imaging.

J Am Coll Cardiol, 47 (2006), pp. 789-793

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.040 | Medline

[15.]

H. Sawaya, I. Sebag, J.C. Plana, et al.

Early detection and prediction of cardiotoxicity in chemotherapy treated patients.

Am J Cardiol, 107 (2011), pp. 137580

[16.]

M.L. Antoni, S.A. Mollema, V. Delgado, J.Z. Atary, E. Boersma.

Prognostic importance of strain and strain rate after acute myocardial infarction.

Eur Heart J, 31 (2010), pp. 1640-1647

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq105 | Medline