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Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 52-57 (January - February 2014)
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Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 52-57 (January - February 2014)
Open Access
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la endocarditis infecciosa
Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis
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Alain Eusse1, Mauricio Atehortúa1, Luis Vélez1, Víctor Bucheli1, Carlos Dallos1, Gerardo Flores1, Ana M. Herrera2, Sergio Franco1,
Corresponding author
sfrancos@une.net.co

Correspondencia: Calle 7 B # 27 – 30. Medellín. Teléfono: 310 424 48 84.
1 Departamento de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Clínica Medellín. Medellín, Colombia.Postgrado de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
2 Departamento de Epidemiología y Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
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Objetivo

describir las características epidemiológicas y los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico temprano de los pacientes con diagnóstico de endocarditis infecciosa intervenidos en el Departamento de Cirugía Cardiovascular de la Clínica Medellín, Colombia.

Métodos

estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de endocarditis infecciosa tratados mediante cirugía en la Clínica Medellín, entre enero de 2003 y enero de 2010.

Resultados

se incluyeron en total 54 pacientes, 37 (68,5%) de ellos de género masculino. La mediana de la edad fue 57,5 años (9 - 76 años). El 77,7% tenía algún factor de riesgo para desarrollar endocarditis infecciosa; entre los más destacados insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) en hemodiálisis (18,5%) y prótesis valvulares cardiacas (18,5%). El 66,7% de los hemocultivos fue positivo. Staphylococcus aureusfue el principal germen aislado en el 40,7% del total de pacientes. El 81,4% de las válvulas comprometidas eran nativas con predominio de la válvula mitral (44,5%) y el 7,5% presentaba compromiso de dos válvulas. En el 68,5% el motivo de consulta fue falla cardiaca y 35,3% presentaron fenómenos embólicos como manifestación inicial o asociada (cerebral 16,7%, pulmonar 13%, esplénica 5,6%). En el 83,3% de los casos se realizó cirugía temprana; 66% recibieron válvulas mecánicas. La mortalidad total a tres meses fue del 13% (muerte intraoperatoria 3,7%, mortalidad a 30 días, 9%). La mediana en el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue de 36 días (7 a 130 días).

En este estudio se reporta una mortalidad total que se encuentra en el límite inferior de lo reportado en el mundo. Una de las razones atribuibles a este hallazgo es el manejo quirúrgico temprano que se protocoliza en el servicio.

Palabras clave:
endocarditis
cirugía cardiaca
embolización
ecocardiografía
Objective

to describe the epidemiological characteristics and the results of early surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with infectious endocarditis who underwent surgery in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery in the Medellin Clinic, Colombia.

Methods

observational, descriptive, retrospective study of all the patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis treated by surgery in the Medellin Clinic between January 2003 and January 2010.

Results

a total of 54 patients were included. 37 (68.5%) were male. Mean age was 57.5 years (9- 76 years). 77.7% had a risk factor for developing infective endocarditis; among the most prominent risk factors were chronic renal failure (CRF), patients on hemodialysis (18.5%) and heart valve prostheses (18.5%). 66.7% of the blood cultures were positive. Staphylococcus aureus was the main germ isolated in 40.7% of patients. 81.4% of the involved valves were native, with mitral valve predominance (44.5%) and 7.5% had involvement of two valves. In 68.5% the reason for the consultation was heart failure and 35.3% had embolic phenomena as the initial manifestation or associated (16.7% cerebral, pulmonary 13%, spleen 5.6%). In 83.3% of cases early surgery was performed: 66% received mechanical valves. The three-month total mortality was 13% (3.7% intraoperative death, mortality at 30 days 9%). The median length of hospital stay was 36 days (7-130 days).

In this study the total mortality reported is at the lower limit of the reported in the world. One of the reasons attributed to this finding is the early surgical management that is the protocol in the service.

Key words:
endocarditis
cardiac surgery
embolization
echocardiography
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Copyright © 2014. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
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