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Original Article
Available online 28 February 2023
Cerebral Activation During Moral Decisions and Salience Network Coherence in Ideation of Suicide
Activación cerebral durante las decisiones morales y coherencia de la red de saliencia en la ideación del suicidio
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Jorge Morilloa, Caluz Polancoa, Jairo Oviedob, Herwin Speckterb, Peter Stoeterb,
Corresponding author
peter.stoeter@gmx.de

Corresponding author.
a Dominican Institute of Integrated Health and Applied Psychology (IDESIP), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
b Department of Radiology, CEDIMAT, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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Abstract
Purpose

To look for structural and/or functional deviations of the salience network in depressive patients that might help to identify individuals with ideation of suicide.

Material and methods

In 2 matched groups of patients with major depression and with and without ideation of suicide and in a healthy control group, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during resting state and activation by a moral decision paradigm. Data were evaluated using voxel based morphometry, statistical parametric mapping, independent component analysis and network-based statistics (NBS) and related to the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire score of suicidality.

Results

Functional connectivity was reduced significantly (p<0.05, NBS corrected) within the salient network during resting state in patients with suicide ideation. Application of a moral paradigm activated nearly identical areas, and both anterior parts of the insulae correlated negatively to the score of suicidality.

Conclusion

Because the cerebral areas activated during a moral decision paradigm are nearly identical to the salience network seen in our study and because selected areas within this network, mainly the anterior parts of the insula, correlate negatively to suicidality, a special training using moral tasks or possibly also religious reinforcement might help to reduce suicidality in depressive patients.

Keywords:
Major depression
Suicidality
Moral decisions
Functional MRI
Resting state
Salience network
Resumen
Propósito

Buscar desviaciones estructurales y/o funcionales de la red de saliencia en pacientes depresivos que puedan ayudar a identificar individuos con ideación suicida.

Material y métodos

A dos grupos combinados de pacientes con depresión mayor y con y sin ideación suicida, y a un grupo control sano, se les realizó resonancia magnética estructural y funcional (fMRI) en estado de reposo y activación utilizando un paradigma de decisión moral. Los datos se evaluaron mediante morfometría basada en vóxeles, mapeo paramétrico estadístico, análisis de componentes independientes, estadísticas basadas en redes (NBS) y se relacionaron con la puntuación de un cuestionario de análisis clínico de tendencias suicidas.

Resultados

La conectividad funcional se redujo significativamente (p<0,05, NBS corregido) dentro de la red saliente durante el estado de reposo en pacientes con ideación suicida. La aplicación de un paradigma moral activó áreas casi idénticas y ambas partes anteriores de la ínsula se correlacionaron negativamente con la puntuación de tendencias suicidas.

Conclusión

Debido a que las áreas cerebrales activadas durante el paradigma de decisión moral son casi idénticas a la red de saliencia vista en nuestro estudio, y debido a que áreas seleccionadas dentro de esta red, principalmente las partes anteriores de la ínsula, se correlacionan negativamente con la tendencia suicida, un entrenamiento especial usando tareas morales o posiblemente también de refuerzo religioso podría ayudar a reducir las tendencias suicidas en pacientes depresivos.

Palabras clave:
Depresión mayor
Tendencia suicida
Decisiones morales
Resonancia magnética funcional
Estado de reposo
Red de saliencia

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