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Available online 27 August 2022
Cultural Beliefs About the Etiology of Schizophrenia and Expressed Emotion in Mexican Families
Creencias culturales sobre la etiología de la esquizofrenia y emoción expresada en familias mexicanas
Ricardo Ignacio Audiffred-Jaramilloa,
Corresponding author
ricardo.audiffred@academicos.udg.mx

Autor para correspondencia.
, Javier Eduardo García De Alba-Garcíab
a Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
b Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Social and Epidemiological Research Unity of Mexican Institute of Social Security (UISESS-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Table 1. Multidimensional diagram.
Table 2. Cultural competence and expressed emotion.
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Abstract
Introduction

Schizophrenia is a severe and persistent mental disorder that affects around 21 million people worldwide. The etiology of schizophrenia is currently understood as heterogeneous and multifactorial. Genetic and environmental factors are the most common explanations for the onset of schizophrenia, but along with these, hybridized cultural ideas coexist between medical, superstitious, and religious paradigms. The objective was to identify the relationship between cultural beliefs about schizophrenia, etiology and expressed emotion.

Methods

The present study used a mixed-method design, with an analytical approach for ethnographic research. The sample consisted of 40 people, relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, selected using simple random probabilistic sampling.

Results

A valid cultural consensus was found with statistical significance (p≤.05). Emotional trauma in childhood was identified as the leading cause of schizophrenia, followed by hereditary factors, emotional problems, head trauma, mistreatment, and divine will. The better-informed relatives expressed less emotion than those with less cultural competence (Mann-Whitney's U=1.000; p<.001).

Conclusions

Mexican families in this study had a high degree of scientific knowledge about the etiology of schizophrenia, but religious ideas and compassionate explanations were part of this hybridized model.

Keywords:
Psychosis
Cultural domain
Expressed emotion
Resumen
Introducción

La esquizofrenia es un trastorno mental que afecta a 21 millones de personas en todo el mundo. La etiología de esta enfermedad es multifactorial. Los factores genéticos y ambientales son las explicaciones más comunes sobre su etiología, pero otros paradigmas supersticiosos y religiosos han formado un modelo híbrido que la definen. El ojetivo es identificar la relación entre las creencias culturales de la etiología de la esquizofrenia y la emoción expresada.

Métodos

El presente estudio utilizó un método mixto con un diseño analítico para investigaciones etnográficas. La muestra estuvo conformada por 40 personas, familiares de pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia, seleccionadas mediante muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple.

Resultados

Se halló un consenso cultural válido estadísticamente significativo (p ≤ 0,05). El trauma emocional en la infancia fue la más importante creencia cultural que causa la aparición de la esquizofrenia, seguida de problemas emocionales, lesiones en la cabeza, maltrato y voluntad divina. Los familiares con mejores conocimientos sobre las causas de la esquizofrenia mostraron menores índices de emoción expresada (U de Mann-Whitney=1,000; p<0,001).

Conclusiones

Las familias mexicanas poseen una gran adherencia al conocimiento científico sobre las causas de la esquizofrenia, pero las ideas religiosas y compasivas coexisten con el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Psicosis
Consenso cultural
Emoción expresada

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