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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Factores asociados a riesgo de depresión en estudiantes de media vocacional
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Available online 2 August 2023
Factores asociados a riesgo de depresión en estudiantes de media vocacional
Factors Associated With the Risk of Depression in High School Students
Adalberto Campo-Ariasa,
Corresponding author
acampoa@unimagdalena.edu.co

Autor para correspondencia.
, Carmen Cecilia Caballero-Domíngueza, Edwin Herazob
a Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
b Instituto de Investigación del Comportamiento Humano, Bogotá, Colombia
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Tables (3)
Tabla 1. Características demográficas y clínicas de los estudiantes participantes
Tabla 2. Variables crudas asociadas a riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión
Tabla 3. Modelo multivariado para variables ajustadas asociadas a riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión
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Resumen
Introducción

Los síntomas depresivos son frecuentes en estudiantes adolescentes. Sin embargo, las variables relacionadas al riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión en adolescentes colombianos han sido poco exploradas.

Objetivo

Conocer la asociación entre función familiar, estrés postraumático, percepción de salud, rendimiento académico y riesgo de reunir criterios para depresión en adolescentes estudiantes de media vocacional en Santa Marta, Colombia.

Método

Se diseñó una investigación transversal analítica para que se tomó una muestra probabilística de estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado de colegios públicos y privados. Se cuantificó el riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión con el Cuestionario de Bienestar General de la Organización Mundial de la Salud-5 (WHO-5-WBI) punto de corte <9. Se establecieron las razones de oportunidad (OR) crudas y ajustadas (a) para riesgo de depresión.

Resultados

Participaron 1.462 estudiantes entre 13 y 15 años (M: 15,98; DE: 0,83); 882 (60,33%) eran de género femenino. Se observó que 103 (7,0%) estudiantes estaban en riesgo de reunir criterios para depresión. El riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión se asoció a disfunción familiar (ORa: 8,71; IC 95%: 2,73-27,87), alto riesgo de estrés postraumático (ORa: 2,86; IC 95%: 1,85-4,42) y mala/regular percepción de salud (ORa: 1,84; IC 95%: 1,19-2,83) y pobre/regular rendimiento académico (ORa: 1,56; IC 95%: 1,02-2,37).

Conclusiones

En estudiantes de media vocacional de Santa Marta, Colombia, el riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión es multifactorial, se asocia a factores individuales (alto riesgo de estrés postraumático y mala/regular percepción de salud y pobre/regular rendimiento académico) y factores familiares (disfunción familiar). Nuevas investigaciones deben explorar otras variables posiblemente asociadas al riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión en adolescentes de media vocacional.

Palabras clave:
Depresión
Factores de riesgo
Estudiantes
Adolescente
Estudios transversales
Abstract
Introduction

Depressive symptoms are common in adolescent students. However, the variables related to the risk of meeting criteria for depression in Colombian adolescents have been little explored.

Objective

To know the association between family functioning, post-traumatic stress, health perception, academic achievement, and risk of meeting the criteria for depression among high-school vocational students in Santa Marta, Colombia.

Method

A cross-sectional study was designed so that a probabilistic sample of tenth and eleventh-grade students from public and private schools was taken. The risk of meeting the criteria for depression was quantified with the World Health Organization 5 General Well-Being Questionnaire (WHO-5-WBI) cut-off point <9. The crude and adjusted (a) odd ratios (OR) the risk of meeting the criteria for depression were established.

Results

One thousand four hundred and sixty-two students between 13 and 15 years old participated (M=15.98, SD=0.83); 882 (60.33%) were female. It was observed that 103 (7.0%) students were at risk of meeting criteria for depression. The risk of meeting the criteria for depression was associated with family dysfunction (aOR: 8.72, 95% CI: 2.73-27.87), risk of post-traumatic stress (aOR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.85-4.42), perception of fair/poor health (aOR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.19-2.83) and fair/poor academic achievement (aOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.02-2.37).

Conclusions

Among high-school students from Santa Marta, Colombia, the risk of meeting the criteria for depression is multifactorial; it is associated with individual factors (high risk of post-traumatic stress, perception of fair/poor health, and poor/fair academic achievement) and family factors (family dysfunction). New research should explore other variables possibly associated with the risk of meeting the criteria for depression in vocational adolescents.

Keywords:
Depression
Risk factors
Students
Adolescent
Cross-sectional studies

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