Los síntomas depresivos son frecuentes en estudiantes adolescentes. Sin embargo, las variables relacionadas al riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión en adolescentes colombianos han sido poco exploradas.
ObjetivoConocer la asociación entre función familiar, estrés postraumático, percepción de salud, rendimiento académico y riesgo de reunir criterios para depresión en adolescentes estudiantes de media vocacional en Santa Marta, Colombia.
MétodoSe diseñó una investigación transversal analítica para que se tomó una muestra probabilística de estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado de colegios públicos y privados. Se cuantificó el riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión con el Cuestionario de Bienestar General de la Organización Mundial de la Salud-5 (WHO-5-WBI) punto de corte <9. Se establecieron las razones de oportunidad (OR) crudas y ajustadas (a) para riesgo de depresión.
ResultadosParticiparon 1.462 estudiantes entre 13 y 15 años (M: 15,98; DE: 0,83); 882 (60,33%) eran de género femenino. Se observó que 103 (7,0%) estudiantes estaban en riesgo de reunir criterios para depresión. El riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión se asoció a disfunción familiar (ORa: 8,71; IC 95%: 2,73-27,87), alto riesgo de estrés postraumático (ORa: 2,86; IC 95%: 1,85-4,42) y mala/regular percepción de salud (ORa: 1,84; IC 95%: 1,19-2,83) y pobre/regular rendimiento académico (ORa: 1,56; IC 95%: 1,02-2,37).
ConclusionesEn estudiantes de media vocacional de Santa Marta, Colombia, el riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión es multifactorial, se asocia a factores individuales (alto riesgo de estrés postraumático y mala/regular percepción de salud y pobre/regular rendimiento académico) y factores familiares (disfunción familiar). Nuevas investigaciones deben explorar otras variables posiblemente asociadas al riesgo para reunir criterios de depresión en adolescentes de media vocacional.
Depressive symptoms are common in adolescent students. However, the variables related to the risk of meeting criteria for depression in Colombian adolescents have been little explored.
ObjectiveTo know the association between family functioning, post-traumatic stress, health perception, academic achievement, and risk of meeting the criteria for depression among high-school vocational students in Santa Marta, Colombia.
MethodA cross-sectional study was designed so that a probabilistic sample of tenth and eleventh-grade students from public and private schools was taken. The risk of meeting the criteria for depression was quantified with the World Health Organization 5 General Well-Being Questionnaire (WHO-5-WBI) cut-off point <9. The crude and adjusted (a) odd ratios (OR) the risk of meeting the criteria for depression were established.
ResultsOne thousand four hundred and sixty-two students between 13 and 15 years old participated (M=15.98, SD=0.83); 882 (60.33%) were female. It was observed that 103 (7.0%) students were at risk of meeting criteria for depression. The risk of meeting the criteria for depression was associated with family dysfunction (aOR: 8.72, 95% CI: 2.73-27.87), risk of post-traumatic stress (aOR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.85-4.42), perception of fair/poor health (aOR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.19-2.83) and fair/poor academic achievement (aOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.02-2.37).
ConclusionsAmong high-school students from Santa Marta, Colombia, the risk of meeting the criteria for depression is multifactorial; it is associated with individual factors (high risk of post-traumatic stress, perception of fair/poor health, and poor/fair academic achievement) and family factors (family dysfunction). New research should explore other variables possibly associated with the risk of meeting the criteria for depression in vocational adolescents.