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Available online 27 September 2022
Subcultural Representations of Perpetrators and Victims of Crime and Violence Associated with Mental Disorders
Representaciones subculturales de los perpetradores y las víctimas de crímenes y violencia relacionados con los trastornos mentales
Fabian Paveza,b,
Corresponding author
fapavez@uc.cl

Corresponding author.
, Erika Saurac, Pedro Marsetd
a The International School of Doctoral Studies, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
b Mental Health Center of Lorca, Murcia Health Service, Lorca, Murcia, Spain
c Independent researcher
d History of Medicine Unit, Department of Social and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

The beliefs and opinions of the general population are based substantially on mass media, which often equates mental disorders with violence and criminality. These stigmatising depictions contribute to the development and persistence of negative attitudes towards people with psychiatric conditions. The objective was to examine, through popular music, the subcultural representations of crime and violence in the context of mental disorders, focusing on depictions of victims and offenders.

Methods

Strategy of analysis: Content analysis of Spanish punk lyrics (1981-2010) with references to violent and criminal behaviour associated with mental disorders.

Results

257 Spanish punk bands were identified. The discographies included 7,777 songs, of which 190 were related to aggression, violence, or crime. A predilection for violent crimes and descriptions of the perpetrator as “mentally disturbed” was observed. Although they were present, psychotic symptoms were not the main psychiatric symptoms associated with violent crime, but instead it was substance use, antisocial personality traits and paraphilic behaviour. There was less attention paid to victims than to perpetrators.

Conclusions

The relationships between mental disorders and criminality/violence are overemphasised in the analysed subculture. A positive connotation of social deviance and violent content (particularly serial murder) in service to the provocative nature of this type of music was observed.

Keywords:
Violence
Criminal behaviour
Mental disorders
Qualitative research
Music
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Las creencias y opiniones de la población descansan, en gran medida, en los medios de comunicación de masas, los cuales suelen equiparar los trastornos mentales a la violencia y la criminalidad, con lo que se contribuye a la estigmatización de este colectivo. El objetivo es examinar a través de la música popular las representaciones subculturales de las víctimas y los perpetradores de crímenes o violencia relacionados con los trastornos mentales.

Métodos

Análisis de contenido de las letras de canciones punk españolas (1981-2010) con referencias a conductas violentas o criminales aparejadas a los trastornos mentales.

Resultados

Se identificaron 257 grupos punk españoles, cuyas discografías incluyeron un total de 7.777 canciones, de las cuales 190 estuvieron relacionadas con la agresión, la violencia o el crimen. Se evidenció una predilección por los crímenes violentos y descripciones del perpetrador como “perturbado mental”. Aunque presentes, los síntomas psicóticos no fueron los principales síntomas psiquiátricos relacionados con los delitos violentos, sino el consumo de sustancias, los rasgos antisociales de la personalidad y las conductas parafílicas. Las descripciones de las víctimas fueron marginales.

Conclusiones

Las relaciones entre los trastornos mentales y la criminalidad o la violencia aparecieron sobredimensionadas en las canciones punk españolas. Se apreció una connotación positiva de la desviación social y los contenidos violentos al servicio de la naturaleza provocativa de este tipo de música.

Palabras clave:
Violencia
Crimen
Trastornos mentales
Investigación cualitativa
Música

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