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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English Edition) Telerehabilitation of subjects with neurodevelopmental disorders during confinem...
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Vol. 53. Issue 2.
Pages 149-157 (April - June 2024)
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Vol. 53. Issue 2.
Pages 149-157 (April - June 2024)
Original article
Telerehabilitation of subjects with neurodevelopmental disorders during confinement due to COVID-19
Telerrehabilitación de sujetos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo durante el confinamiento por COVID-19
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Esteban Vaucheret Paz
Corresponding author
esteban.vaucheret@hiba.org.ar

Corresponding author.
, Mariana Giacchino, Mariana Leist, Claudia Chirila, Luciana Petracca, Guillermos Agosta
Servicio de Neurología Infantil, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Results of the participants' neuropsychological assessments at the beginning of the therapy.
Table 2. Level and degree of difficulty per telerehabilitation exercise at the start and after six months of therapy.
Table 3. Weiss Functional Impairment Scale at the start and after six months of telerehabilitation.
Table 4. Number of telerehabilitation sessions necessary to go up one level after each exercise.
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Abstract
Introduction

Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented many children with neurodevelopmental disorders from accessing face-to-face treatments. Telerehabilitation grew at this time as an alternative therapeutic tool. In this study we analysed remote cognitive rehabilitation in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Methods

This was a prospective, quasi-experimental (before-after) study that included 22 patients (mean age 9.41 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders who had telerehabilitation for over six months.

Results

After six months of telerehabilitation, a statistically significant improvement was found with a large effect size in these areas: attention (sustained, selective and divided), executive functions (verbal and visual working memory, categorisation, processing speed), visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia) and language (comprehensive and expressive). On the Weiss Functional Impairment Scale, all areas (family, learning and school, self-concept, activities of daily living, risk activities) improved with statistical significance. We found a positive correlation between the number of sessions and the improvement observed in executive functions (visual working memory, processing speed), attention (sustained attention, divided attention) and visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia). We did not find statistical significance between the family structure and the number of sessions carried out. A high degree of perception of improvement and satisfaction was observed in the parents.

Conclusions

Telerehabilitation is a safe alternative tool which, although it does not replace face-to-face therapy, can achieve significant cognitive and functional improvements in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Keywords:
Telemedicine
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Paediatrics
Rehabilitation
Cognition
Resumen
Introducción

Las medidas de distanciamiento social debidas a la pandemia por COVID-19 impidieron que muchos chicos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo pudieran acceder a tratamientos presenciales. La telerrehabilitación creció en este tiempo como una herramienta terapéutica alternativa. El objetivo es analizar la telerrehabilitación cognitiva en trastornos del neurodesarrollo.

Métodos

En este estudio prospectivo, cuasi-experimental (antes-después), se incluyó a 22 pacientes (media de edad, 9,41 años) con trastornos del neurodesarrollo que realizaron telerrehabilitación con el programa Rehametrics por más de 6 meses.

Resultados

Luego de 6 meses de telerrahabilitación, se constató una mejoría estadísticamente significativa con un gran tamaño del efecto en áreas de: atención (sostenida, selectiva y dividida), funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo verbal y visual, categorización, velocidad de procesamiento), habilidades visuoespaciales (orientación espacial, integración perceptiva, percepción, simultagnosia) y lenguaje (comprensivo y expresivo). En la Escala de Impedimento Funcional de Weiss mejoraron con significancia estadística todas las áreas (familia, aprendizaje y escuela, autoconcepto, actividades de la vida diaria, actividades de riesgo). Se constata una correlación positiva entre la cantidad de sesiones y la mejoría observada en funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo visual, velocidad de procesamiento), atencionales (atención sostenida, atención dividida) y habilidades visuoespaciales (orientación espacial, integración perceptiva, percepción, simultagnosia). No encontramos significancia estadística entre la estructura familiar y la cantidad de sesiones realizadas. Se observó un alto grado de percepción de mejora y satisfacción en los padres.

Conclusiones

La telerrehabilitación puede ser una herramienta alternativa segura que, sin reemplazar la presencialidad, puede lograr mejoras cognitivas y funcionales significativas en niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo.

Palabras clave:
Telemedicina
Trastornos del neurodesarrollo
Pediatría
Rehabilitación
Cognición

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