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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English Edition) Medical conditions, symptoms of anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pand...
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Original article
Available online 14 August 2024
Medical conditions, symptoms of anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a population sample of Lima, Peru
Condiciones médicas, síntomas de ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en una muestra poblacional de Lima, Perú
Hever Krüger-Malpartidaa,
Corresponding author
hever.kruger@upch.pe

Corresponding author.
, Martin Arevalo-Floresa,b, Victor Anculle-Araucoa,b, Mauricio Dancuart-Mendozaa,b, Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzic
a Departmento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
b Servicio de Neuropsiquiatría, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
c Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
Received 12 December 2021. Accepted 25 April 2022
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Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Table 1. General sociodemographic and psychometric data.
Table 2. General (descriptive) information regarding COVID-19 infection or exposure.
Table 3. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA): GAD-7 and PHQ-9 values versus the number of medical conditions (covariates: age, gender and completed education).
Table 4. Pairwise comparisons based on MANCOVA-estimated marginal means of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores (covariates: age, gender and completed education) with adjustment for multiple comparisons.
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Abstract
Introduction

This study aims to determine differences between the number of underlying medical conditions, depression, and anxiety, when controlling for the covariates of age, sex, and completed education.

Methods

Participants (n = 484) indicated the number of medical conditions present during the survey, also including the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, to assess depression and anxiety, respectively.

Results

Differences were found between groups of medical conditions and the combined values of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 after controlling for the covariates mentioned above (F4,954 = 5.78; Wilks’ Λ = 0.95; P < 0.0005). The univariate tests showed differences for PHQ-9 (F2,478 = 8.70; P < 0.0005) and GAD-7 (F2,478 = 11.16; P < 0.0005) between the 3 groups. Finally, post-hoc analysis showed differences between participants with one medical condition and with no medical condition (PHQ-9: MD = 1.82; 95%CI, 0.25–3.40; GAD-7: MD = 1.73; 95%CI, 0.55–2.91), and between participants with more than one medical condition and participants with no medical condition (PHQ-9: MD = 3.10; 95%CI, 1.11–5.10; GAD-7: MD = 2.46; 95%CI, 0.97–3.95).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that people who had a medical condition during the COVID-19 pandemic were more prone to developing severe symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Keywords:
Depression
Anxiety
Chronic disease
Taking medical history
Resumen
Introducción

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar diferencias entre el número de condiciones médicas subyacentes, depresión y ansiedad, al controlar por las covariables edad, sexo y educación completa.

Métodos

Los participantes (n = 484) indicaron el número de condiciones médicas presentes durante la encuesta, incluyendo también el PHQ-9 y GAD-7 para evaluar la depresión y la ansiedad respectivamente.

Resultados

Se hallaron diferencias entre los grupos de afecciones médicas y los valores combinados de PHQ-9 y GAD-7 después de controlar por las covariables mencionadas (F4,954 = 5,78; Wilks’ Λ = 0,95; p < 0,0005). Las pruebas univariadas mostraron diferencias para PHQ-9 (F2,478 = 8,70; p < 0,0005) y GAD-7 (F2,478 = 11,16; p < 0,0005) entre los 3 grupos. Finalmente, el análisis post-hoc mostró diferencias entre los participantes con una condición médica y sin ninguna condición médica (PHQ-9: MD = 1,82; IC95%, 0,25−3,40; GAD-7: MD = 1,73; IC95%, 0,55−2,91) y entre participantes con más de 1 afección médica y participantes sin afección médica (PHQ-9: MD = 3,10; IC95%, 1,11−5,10; GAD-7: MD = 2,46; IC95%, 0,97−3,95).

Conclusiones

Nuestros resultados indican que las personas que tuvieron una afección médica durante la pandemia de COVID-19 son más propensas a desarrollar síntomas graves de ansiedad y depresión.

Palabras clave:
Depresión
Ansiedad
Enfermedad crónica
Toma de historia médica

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