Recognition of musical emotions in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia

array:24 ["pii" => "S0034745020300214" "issn" => "00347450" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01" "aid" => "338" "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:74-81" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2530312021000370" "issn" => "25303120" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.01.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01" "aid" => "338" "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:74-81" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Recognition of musical emotions in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "74" "paginaFinal" => "81" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Reconocimiento de emociones musicales en la variante conductual de la demencia frontotemporal" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1582 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 146453 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Recognition of musical emotions in patients with bvFTD and control subjects. Statistically significant differences were found for each of the musical emotions evaluated and in the overall test, with the controls being those with the best performance. SD: standard deviation." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan Manuel Orjuela-Rojas, Patricia Montañés, Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo Rodríguez, Néstor Ricardo González-Marín" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan Manuel" "apellidos" => "Orjuela-Rojas" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Patricia" "apellidos" => "Montañés" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo" "apellidos" => "Rodríguez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Néstor Ricardo" "apellidos" => "González-Marín" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0034745020300214" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745020300214?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312021000370?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/25303120/0000005000000002/v1_202106050654/S2530312021000370/v1_202106050654/en/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0034745020300202" "issn" => "00347450" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01" "aid" => "337" "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:82-91" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Artículo original" "titulo" => "Validación de la escala de Autoestigma por Búsqueda de Ayuda (ABA) en una población de estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "82" "paginaFinal" => "91" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Validation of the Self Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) Scale in a Population of Colombian Medical Students" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figura 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1456 "Ancho" => 1585 "Tamanyo" => 128881 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Gráfico y estadísticos del MODELO 5 de medición de la escala de Autoestigma por búsqueda de ayuda. χ2=96,627 (p <0,001); RMSEA=0,073 (IC90%, 0,056-0,089); CFI=0,968; TLI=0,977; WRMR=0,844." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Brayan F. Larrahondo, Jenny García Valencia, Andrés Mauricio Rangel Martínez-Villalba, Juan Pablo Zapata Ospina, Daniel C. Aguirre-Acevedo" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Brayan F." "apellidos" => "Larrahondo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jenny" "apellidos" => "García Valencia" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Andrés Mauricio" "apellidos" => "Rangel Martínez-Villalba" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan Pablo" "apellidos" => "Zapata Ospina" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Daniel C." "apellidos" => "Aguirre-Acevedo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2530312021000357" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.01.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312021000357?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745020300202?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/00347450/0000005000000002/v1_202105130822/S0034745020300202/v1_202105130822/es/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0034745020300044" "issn" => "00347450" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2019.11.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01" "aid" => "336" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:72-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:9 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Prescripción responsable en Psiquiatría: síndrome metabólico, ¿un asunto pendiente?" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "72" "paginaFinal" => "73" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Responsible prescription in Psychiatry: Metabolic Syndrome, an unresolved issue?" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Carolina Marley Suárez Benites, Jhony Alberto De La Cruz Vargas" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carolina Marley" "apellidos" => "Suárez Benites" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jhony Alberto" "apellidos" => "De La Cruz Vargas" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2530312021000321" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2019.11.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312021000321?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745020300044?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/00347450/0000005000000002/v1_202105130822/S0034745020300044/v1_202105130822/es/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Recognition of musical emotions in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "74" "paginaFinal" => "81" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan Manuel Orjuela-Rojas, Patricia Montañés, Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo Rodríguez, Néstor Ricardo González-Marín" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Juan Manuel" "apellidos" => "Orjuela-Rojas" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "orjuela.j@javeriana.edu.co" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Patricia" "apellidos" => "Montañés" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo" "apellidos" => "Rodríguez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Néstor Ricardo" "apellidos" => "González-Marín" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "La Inmaculada Memory Clinic, Bogotá, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Reconocimiento de emociones musicales en la variante conductual de la demencia frontotemporal" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1685 "Ancho" => 2197 "Tamanyo" => 81739 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Relationship between the recognition of musical emotions and the INECO score. The total of the sample showed a relationship of simultaneous increase in the INECO test and the ability to recognize the overall musical emotions (r=.77; r2=.602; F=51.48; P<.001)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionMusic is the language of emotions. It is present in all cultures and has accompanied human kind since the dawn of history. It is estimated that the human species has known music for approximately 200,000 years,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">1</a> a period sufficient to foster the generation of specific brain modules for processing musical elements such as melodic contour, tonal intervals, timbre, musical syntax, rhythm and emotional expression.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">2</a>In recent years, there have been multiple investigations of brain areas that process musical emotions. For example, highly pleasing music, which generates autonomic activation states referred to as “chills” or “musical frisson”, correlates with the release of dopamine in the ventral striatum,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">3</a> a fundamental mesolimbic structure for reward experiences. Other studies show that in contrast to non-harmonic music, harmonic music generates positive emotional responses by activating bilateral frontomedial structures, the precuneus and occipital regions, the latter for visual-auditory integration.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">4</a> Similarly, the activation of the left anterior insula has been demonstrated to be of substantial relevance when a subject is exposed to music with consonant harmonic intervals (i.e., soft, stable, pleasant)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">5</a> compared to subjects exposed to dissonant harmonic intervals (i.e., violent, dynamic, unstable), whose activation patterns predominate in structures such as the right parahippocampal gyrus and the right precuneus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">6</a> In fact, the comforting and pleasurable experience of music can be lost after brain injury, such as strokes or tumors, which disconnect right temporal structures from the nucleus accumbens, causing musical anhedonia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">7</a>Taken together the neuroscience research has shown that many frontal and temporal structures are involved in the emotional processing of music.Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an umbrella clinical term that encompasses a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive deficits in behavior, executive function or language.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">8</a> The behavioral variant (bvFTD) is the most common clinical syndrome of FTD and accounts for nearly 60% of cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">9</a> The early stage is typically characterized by changes in personality and behavior, with signs of disinhibition, loss of personal and social awareness and lack of insight into the present condition.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">10</a> Neuroanatomical studies have shown that bvFTD is associated with different subtypes of atrophy in limbic and paralimbic areas, including loss of cerebral cortex restricted to the frontal lobes (frontal dominant); anterior frontal and temporal regions atrophy (frontotemporal subtype); intermediate and lower, predominantly right, temporal regions atrophy (dominant temporal) and loss of volume in medial frontal regions with extension to temporoparietal structures (temporofrontoparietal subtype).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">11</a> It is important to mention that in all the anatomical subtypes of bvFTD, various degrees of damage are involved to structures such as the anterior cingulate, the amygdala and the insula, which are fundamental for social cognition, empathy and recognition of emotions in others.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">12</a>Several investigations have revealed that subjects with bvFDT have difficulty recognizing emotional signals from multiple processing modalities. For example, the recognition of positive, negative and self-conscious facial expressions is significantly altered in the bvFTD patient compared with healthy subjects and/or individuals with Alzheimer's disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">13</a> Similarly, the recognition of vocal emotions (i.e., emotional prosody) is altered in the bvFTD subject, an aspect that, together with faults in the recognition of facial emotions, contributes to the abnormal social behavior exhibited by these patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">14,16</a>Few studies have evaluated the recognition of musical emotions in bvFTD patients. In one study, 11 patients with semantic dementia (SD), 12 with Alzheimer's disease and 20 healthy control participants underwent tests of emotion recognition in 2 modalities: unfamiliar musical tunes and unknown faces. Patients with SD were most impaired with the recognition of facial and musical emotions, particularly for negative emotions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">17</a> Another study investigated the neuroanatomical substrate for recognition of musical emotion in a cohort of 26 patients with FTD (16 with bvFTD and 10 with SD). Patients with FTD showed deficient recognition of canonical emotions (happiness, sadness, anger and fear) from music as well as faces and voices compared with healthy control subjects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">18</a> Other studies that have focused on differences in pitch and melody discrimination, detection of pitch errors in familiar melodies, and naming of familiar melodies in FTD, SD and Alzheimer disease, showed that patients with SD had considerable difficulty naming familiar melodies and also scored the lowest when asked to identify pitch errors in the same melodies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">19</a>The objective of this research is to assess the ability of bvFTD patients to recognize musical stimuli with emotions, such as happiness, sadness, fear and peacefulness, compared to healthy subjects, using non-familiar piano pieces. Due to the alterations in social cognition and particularly the lack of empathy, we hypothesize that we will find worse performance in the recognition of music emotions in the group of considered cases.Material and methodsParticipantsA group of 12 patients with bvFTD was selected. The subjects were recruited at the Memory Clinic of the La Inmaculada Clinic and in the private practice of the researchers in Bogotá, Colombia. Patients between 50 and 72 years of age were included, with a minimum of 3 years formal education, with adequate hearing and comprehension capacity, who fulfilled criteria for possible major frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder behavioral variant according to DSM 5,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">20</a> in mild or moderate stages. All patients underwent a complete neurological examination. Magnetic resonance brain imaging was reviewed, finding typical patterns of mild to moderate atrophy in frontotemporal structures in all cases. No genetic tests were done. We excluded patients with a history of moderate or severe cranioencephalic trauma in the last 10 years, a history of cerebrovascular disease and/or those who presented psychotic symptoms or delirium during the neuropsychiatric interview.The control group consisted of 24 subjects, paired 2:1 by age and schooling. The criterion of normality was based on adequate cognitive performance in screening tests (see below).The control subjects signed an informed consent form. Patients with bvFTD, along with a family member, also signed the informed consent. The ethics committee of the institution approved the study. No musicians were recruited as participants.Sample size calculationSeveral considerations were used to calculate the sample size: a power of 80%, an α error of 0.05% and a confidence interval of 95%. Because we adopted a paired case-control study, the sample size was initially calculated for the continuous variables outcome type based on the formula: n=ƒ(α,B)S<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">2</a>/Δ21. Subsequently, the sample size was corrected by adjusting it to a ratio of 2 controls per case. The calculation established a minimum sample size of 11 cases and 22 controls for a total of 33 subjects as a minimum. This calculation was increased by 10% as a population correction factor. Thus, 36 subjects were determined as the final sample size for the study.Cognitive screening testsTwo cognitive screening tests were applied: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">21</a> and INECO Frontal Screening (IFS).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">22</a>The MoCA is designed for the early detection of neurocognitive disorders. The assessment measures performance in the following domains: attention, concentration, executive functions (including the capacity for abstraction), memory, language, visuoconstructive abilities, calculation and orientation. The required administration time is approximately 10minutes. The maximum score is 30, and a score equal to or greater than 26 is considered normal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">21</a>IFS is a tool designed to evaluate different cognitive domains in disorders that affect frontal functioning. In this test, 3 groups of cognitive tasks are presented: a) inhibition of responses and change of sets; b) abstraction capacity, and c) working memory. IFS is a useful means to differentiate bvFTD from other dementia types, such as Alzheimer's disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">23</a> The IFS cut-off point suggested for the Colombian population is 17.5 (sensitivity: 92.8%; specificity: 86.3 points).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">24</a>Test of musical emotion recognitionWe considered 56 musical fragments that have been experimentally validated in Western culture<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">25</a> and represent four emotional categories: happiness, sadness, fear and peacefulness. The fragments were grouped into sets of 14 musical stimuli for each emotional category, with a duration per fragment that ranged from 9.2 to 16.4seconds.The theoretical paradigm of this test is based on considering music as an auditory stimulus capable of evoking emotions that can be easily recognized and labeled by any subject with or without musical training. For example, the fragments that denote happiness are written in the major mode with a fast tempo and medium-high melodic lines. The musical fragments for sadness adopt a slow tempo and the minor mode. The scary excerpts consist of minor chords in the third and sixth degrees of the scale, implying the use of notes outside the initially established key. In addition, the chords can be irregular and with dissonant intervals. Finally, the musical fragments that express peacefulness are characterized by an intermediate tempo, the major mode and interpretation based on arpeggios. Each of the 56 fragments (i.e., tracks) was digitally generated and had the quality of a piano tone.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">25</a>ProcessTo control environmental noise, the evaluation was performed in a closed area. The music fragments were reproduced in high quality using a Sony personal audio system model SRS-X3 at 50-60dB. Each subject received a sheet on which were written the four emotions to be evaluated. Subsequently, the testing method was explained using 2 musical examples, one from the soundtrack of the film “Jaws” and the other from the soundtrack of the film “Schindler's List”, which represented fear and sadness, respectively. Once the participants understood the test, the 56 musical tracks were randomly reproduced, with an interval of 5 s between each track. Each response was recorded by the evaluator. Each track was played only once.Statistical analysisThe collected information was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS released in 2007 for Windows, version 16.0, Chicago. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was performed to evaluate the distribution of the variables under study. The test found a normal distribution of the majority (K-S, P>.05), with the exception of MoCA (P=.06) with non-normal distribution. Thus, non-parametric statistics tests were applied to this variable. The descriptive statistics of the quantitative variables were established by measuring central tendency and dispersion (i.e., mean, median, standard deviation, and interquartile range). For the categorical variables, frequencies were described.In order to ensure balanced groups and maintain between-group comparability, assessing baseline was performed, taking care that demographic variables, such as age, gender and years of schooling, did not display statistically significant differences between the two groups (unpaired samples t-test: P>.05).To evaluate the occurrence of statistically significant differences in the recognition of musical emotions between the two groups, hypothesis tests of parametric statistics (a two-way Anova) were performed comparing the (average) measurement of successes in the recognition of each musical emotion and the total test scores in each group. Additionally, the relationship between musical emotion recognition performance and the neuropsychological screening scale scores (MoCA) was evaluated using dispersion graphs and nonparametric linear regression.ResultsDemographic informationThe patients with bvFTD included in the study (n=12) presented a mean age of 64.6±6.3 years, a male gender proportion of 58.3% (n=7) and an average of 11.5±3.87 years of education. The control group (n=24) had similar characteristics, maintaining between-group comparability (P>.05) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Neuropsychological screeningFor the control group, the subjects obtained a MoCA score median of 27.5 [interquartile range, 6]. For bvFTD group, the MoCA score was 14.5 [17]. For IFS, the control group obtained a score of 24 [3.3], while subjects with bvFTD scored 8.6 [6.4]. As expected, statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups (P<.001) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).Recognition of musical emotionsIn patients with bvFTD, the total mean of correct answers on the test was 23.6 (42.26%). In contrast, for the control subjects, the average number of correct answers was 36.3 (64.8%). The ability to recognize musical emotions was significantly lower in bvFTD patients compared to controls; statistically significant differences were found for each of the evaluated musical emotions and in the overall test (F(1,34)=40,71; P<.001) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In addition, the ability to recognize positive (happy, peaceful) and negative (sad, scary) musical emotions was evaluated. The control group exhibited a statistically significant better performance in the ability to recognize positive and negative musical emotions compared to the bvFTD group (F(1,34)=29,6; P<.001). In the same way, patients with bvFTD had less percentage of correct answers in the recognition of negative emotions compared with positive emotions (F(1,34)=15,3; P<.001) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figure 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The control group also had greater difficulties recognizing negative musical emotions compared with positive emotions. The within-groups statistical test revealed important differences in the recognition of positive versus negative musical emotions, which represents a statistically significant difference regarding the recognition of positive compared to negative emotions in both groups.The relationship between the recognition of musical emotions and the MoCA score was evaluated. We observed a trend of simultaneous increase in the 2 variables. However, a strong linear association between the 2 variables was not found (r=.74). Only 55.1% (r2=.55) of the change in the proportion of total successfully recognized musical emotions was explained by the degree of cognitive deterioration detected with the MoCA (F=51.45; P<.001) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figure 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Similar results were found when performing this same analysis with IFS, whereby only 60% of the changes detected in the bvFTD group by this instrument were explained (r=.77; r2=.602; F=51.48; P<.001) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">figure 4</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionThis study investigated the recognition of musical emotions in subjects who have suffered damage to frontotemporal structures in the context of a neurodegenerative disease. The most relevant results were that patients with bvFTD had greater difficulties, compared with healthy subjects, in the recognition of musical fragments that transmitted emotions, such as happiness and peacefulness, and had even more difficulties in those with sadness and fear sounds (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>).Our study revealed that both, healthy and bvFTD subjects, found it easier to recognize positive than negative musical emotions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figure 2</a>). That is, the general sample was more sensitive in identifying musical pieces that conveyed happiness and peacefulness than sadness and fear. The within-group analysis showed the difficulty experienced by both groups in recognizing negative musical emotions, whereby the subjects with bvFTD performed worse. This finding is important because many patients with bvFTD exhibit aggressive, impulsive and become less sensitive to others feelings and needs, symptoms that reveal lack of empathy. Poor recognition of negative emotions such as fear and sadness, which often signal distress and need to others, may be interpreted as a lack of empathy and concern in the patients. Consistent with this, caregivers often describe patients with bvFTD as showing a lack of emotional concern for others.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">13</a> In the case of control subjects, the facility to recognize positive musical emotions, particularly the happiness, is consistent with other studies in a healthy population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">25</a>Our results are also consistent with those of other studies that find the recognition of social emotions is compromised by FTD. Such studies provide ample evidence regarding the difficulty faced by these patients in recognizing facial emotions,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">26-28</a> in adapting to alterations in the processes of cognition and affective, as well as moral empathy,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255">15,29</a> in coping with defects in the theory of the mind,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330">30,31</a> and in recognizing emotional prosody.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340">32-34</a>Musical emotions belong to this spectrum of social emotions, since music is a non-verbal language that facilitates cohesion and emotional synchronization in human groups. Some studies, previously mentioned in the introduction, support our results in relation to the flawed recognition of musical emotions in FTD patients and link it to insular and amygdala atrophy as well as volume reduction of the right temporal pole and the anterior inferior regions of the left temporal lobe.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">17</a> Of substantial importance is dysfunction of the amygdala in the bvFTD patients, which is clinically manifested by disinhibition, hyperorality and hypersexuality (i.e., Klüver-Bucy-like symptoms).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">35</a> This structure is fundamental for the processing of emotional and socially relevant information, including threatening stimuli. Several studies have demonstrated, in different clinical contexts, that amygdala damage prevents the recognition of sad or fearful music,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360">36</a> as documented by our patients with bvFTD.Regarding the link between theory of mind, social cognition and musical emotions, musical recognition could be considered a form of mental attribution that is performed on an abstract stimulus, in this case, music. It has been found that emotional musical recognition in bvFTD patients is associated with the activation of an extensive bilateral neural network (maintained in part by von Economo neurons), which include the insula, the anterior cingulate, the prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, the prefrontal medial and dorsal prefrontal cortex, the anterosuperior temporal cortex, the fusiform gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus. Similarly, limbic areas, such as the amygdala and the hypothalamus, are involved, as well as subcortical regions, including the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">18</a>Finally, in our study, we analyzed the proportion of correct answers in relation to the MoCA and IFS cognitive screening tests (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figure 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">figure 4</a>). We found that the poorer the cognitive performance of the subjects was, the worse their ability to recognize musical emotions. In IFS, which evaluates frontal/executive functions with greater precision than the MoCA, 60% of correct answers were explained by the degree of cognitive deterioration. This outcome indicates that additional variables are probably involved in the recognition of musical emotion, for example, the subject's profession (i.e., musician versus non-musician), the degree of fondness for and curiosity regarding music, the lyrical versus melodic component of the music, the cultural aspects of musical recognition, and medical comorbidities (e.g., temporal lobe epilepsy). In our study, no musicians were recruited as participants.One limitation of the study was the difficulty that subjects experienced in differentiating sad from peaceful music, probably because sad music typically generates a relaxing effect. The control subjects also exhibited sub-optimal performance in this aspect of the test. They achieved a total score of 64.8% correct in identifying the music fragments in our study, while in other studies, they achieved scores higher than 80% (25,36). In future research, we consider important to separate bvFTD patients according to the anatomical subtypes described in the introduction (i.e., frontal dominant, frontotemporal, temporal dominant and temporofrontoparietal) and to correlate the structural and functional changes of the neural networks compromised by the disease with the ability to recognize musical emotions.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the recognition of musical stimuli with positive (happiness, peacefulness) and negative (sadness, fear) emotions are compromised in patients with bvFTD. The processing of negative musical emotions is the most difficult for these individuals." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1510455" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1370108" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1510454" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1370109" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Participants" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Sample size calculation" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Cognitive screening tests" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Test of musical emotion recognition" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Process" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Demographic information" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Neuropsychological screening" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Recognition of musical emotions" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-09-14" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-01-09" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1370108" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Neurocognitive disorders" 1 => "Auditory perception" 2 => "Cognitive dysfunction" 3 => "Music" 4 => "Frontotemporal dementia" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1370109" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Trastornos neurocognoscitivos" 1 => "Percepción auditiva" 2 => "Disfunción cognitiva" 3 => "Música" 4 => "Demencia frontotemporal" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionMultiple investigations have revealed that patients with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) experience difficulty recognizing emotional signals in multiple processing modalities (e.g., faces, prosody). Few studies have evaluated the recognition of musical emotions in these patients. This research aims to evaluate the ability of subjects with bvFTD to recognize musical stimuli with positive and negative emotions, in comparison with healthy subjects. MethodsbvFTD (n=12) and healthy control participants (n=24) underwent a test of musical emotion recognition: 56 fragments of piano music were randomly reproduced, 14 for each of the emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, and peacefulness). ResultsIn the subjects with bvFTD, a mean of correct answers of 23.6 (42.26%) was observed in contrast to the control subjects, where the average number of correct answers was 36.3 (64.8%). Statistically significant differences were found for each of the evaluated musical emotions and in the total score on the performed test (P<.01). The within-group analysis showed greater difficulty for both groups in recognizing negative musical emotions (sadness, fear), with the subjects with bvFTD exhibiting worse performance. ConclusionsOur results indicate that the recognition of musical stimuli with positive (happiness, peacefulness) and negative (sadness, fear) emotions are compromised in patients with bvFTD. The processing of negative musical emotions is the most difficult for these individuals." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "IntroducciónMúltiples estudios han revelado que los sujetos con la variante conductual de la demencia frontotemporal (bvFTD) tienen dificultades para reconocer señales emocionales en múltiples diferentes modalidades de procesamiento (p. ej., rostros, prosodia). Actualmente, existen pocos estudios que evalúen el reconocimiento de emociones musicales en esta población. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la capacidad de los sujetos con bvFTD para reconocer estímulos musicales con emociones positivas y negativas, en comparación con sujetos sanos. MétodosSe evaluó a 12 pacientes con bvFTD y 24 controles sanos mediante una prueba de reconocimiento de emociones musicales. Se reprodujeron aleatoriamente 56 fragmentos de música de piano, 14 para cada una de las emociones (felicidad, tristeza, miedo y tranquilidad). ResultadosEn los pacientes con bvFTD, se observó una media de respuestas correctas de 23,6 (42,26%), en contraste con los sujetos de control, quienes obtuvieron un promedio de respuestas correctas de 36,3 (64,8%). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para cada una de las emociones musicales evaluadas y en la puntuación total de la prueba (p<0,01). El análisis intragrupal mostró una mayor dificultad en ambos grupos para el reconocimiento de emociones musicales negativas (tristeza, miedo), y los sujetos con bvFTD son los que mostraron peor desempeño. ConclusionesNuestros resultados indican que el reconocimiento de estímulos musicales con emociones positivas (felicidad, tranquilidad) y negativas (tristeza, miedo) se ve afectado en pacientes con bvFTD. Las emociones musicales negativas son las más difíciles de reconocer para estos pacientes." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1582 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 146453 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Recognition of musical emotions in patients with bvFTD and control subjects. Statistically significant differences were found for each of the musical emotions evaluated and in the overall test, with the controls being those with the best performance. SD: standard deviation." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1698 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 127670 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of the ability to recognize positive and negative musical emotions in patients with bvFTD and control subjects. Statistically significant differences were found in both groups in recognizing negative musical emotions, compared with positive musical emotions, with patients with bvFTD having the worst performance." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1412 "Ancho" => 2177 "Tamanyo" => 72506 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Relationship between the recognition of musical emotions and the MoCA score. The total of the sample showed a relationship of simultaneous increase in the MoCA test and the ability to recognize the general musical emotions (r=.74; r2=.55; F=51.45; P<.001)." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1685 "Ancho" => 2197 "Tamanyo" => 81739 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Relationship between the recognition of musical emotions and the INECO score. The total of the sample showed a relationship of simultaneous increase in the INECO test and the ability to recognize the overall musical emotions (r=.77; r2=.602; F=51.48; P<.001)." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Values shown as n (%), mean±standard deviation or median [interquartile range]." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases (n=12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=24) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total (n=36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gender</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.73<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (41.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (47.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (58.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (52.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64.67±6.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60.38±6.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61.5±6.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.94<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Education (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.58±3.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.88±4.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11±4.46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.85<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MoCA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.5 [17] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.5 [6] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26 [23] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">INECO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.67±6.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24.04±3.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.7±8.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2594129.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "χ2." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "Student's t-test." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:36 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The singing Neanderthals: the origins of music, language, mind" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S. Mithen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "and body" "fecha" => "2007" "editorial" => "Weidenfeld & Nicholson" "editorialLocalizacion" => "London" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Modularity of music processing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "I. Peretz" 1 => "M. Coltheart" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/nn1083" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nat Neurosci." "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "688" "paginaFinal" => "691" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12830160" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "V.N. Salimpoor" 1 => "M. Benovoy" 2 => "K. Larcher" 3 => "A. Dagher" 4 => "R.J. Zatorre" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/nn.2726" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nat Neurosci." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "257" "paginaFinal" => "262" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217764" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Separate cortical networks involved in music perception: preliminary functional MRI evidence for modularity of music processing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "V.J. Schmithorst" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.006" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuroimage." "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "444" "paginaFinal" => "451" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15784423" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673618302952" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Investigating emotion with music: An fMRI study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Koelsch" 1 => "T. Fritz" 2 => "D.Y. Cramon" 3 => "K. Müller" 4 => "A.D. Friederici" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/hbm.20180" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hum Brain Mapp." "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "239" "paginaFinal" => "250" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16078183" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlate with activity in paralimbic brain regions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.J. Blood" 1 => "R.J. Zatorre" 2 => "P. Bermudez" 3 => "A.C. Evans" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/7299" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nat Neurosci." "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "382" "paginaFinal" => "387" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10204547" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neural correlates of specific musical anhedonia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "N. Martínez-Molina" 1 => "E. Mas-Herrero" 2 => "A. Rodríguez-Fornells" 3 => "R.J. Zatorre" 4 => "J. Marco-Pallarés" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1073/pnas.1611211113" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Proc Natl Acad Sci." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "E7337" "paginaFinal" => "E7345" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799544" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Frontotemporal dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Bang" 1 => "S. Spina" 2 => "B.L. Miller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00461-4" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "386" "paginaInicial" => "1672" "paginaFinal" => "1682" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595641" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The epidemiology of frontotemporal dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C.U. Onyike" 1 => "J. Diehl-Schmid" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3109/09540261.2013.776523" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Rev Psychiatry." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "130" "paginaFinal" => "137" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23611343" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The frontotemporal dementias" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.L. Waldö" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.psc.2015.02.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatr Clin North Am." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "193" "paginaFinal" => "209" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25998110" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Distinct anatomical subtypes of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia: a cluster analysis study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.L. Whitwell" 1 => "S.A. Przybelski" 2 => "S.D. Weigand" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/brain/awp232" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Brain." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "132" "paginaInicial" => "2932" "paginaFinal" => "2946" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762452" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The anatomy of empathy: Vicarious experience and disorders of social cognition" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "P.L. Lockwood" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.048" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Behav Brain Res." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "311" "paginaInicial" => "255" "paginaFinal" => "266" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27235714" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Emotion recognition in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A new film-based assessment" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.S. Goodkind" 1 => "V.E. Sturm" 2 => "E.A. Ascher" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1037/a0039261" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Emotion." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "416" "paginaFinal" => "427" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26010574" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Face and emotion processing in frontal variant frontotemporal dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. Keane" 1 => "A.J. Calder" 2 => "J.R. Hodges" 3 => "A.W. Young" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00156-7" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia." "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "655" "paginaFinal" => "665" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11792405" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Primary empathy deficits in frontotemporal dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Baez" 1 => "F. Manes" 2 => "D. Huepe" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3389/fnagi.2014.00262" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Front Aging Neurosci." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "262" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25346685" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Integration of intention and outcome for moral judgment in frontotemporal dementia: brain structural signatures" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Baez" 1 => "P. Kanske" 2 => "D. Matallana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000441918" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neurodegener Dis." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "206" "paginaFinal" => "217" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26859768" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673620307558" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain correlates of musical and facial emotion recognition: Evidence from the dementias" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S. Hsieh" 1 => "M. Hornberger" 2 => "O. Piguet" 3 => "J.R. Hodges" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia." "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "1814" "paginaFinal" => "1822" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22579645" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The structural neuroanatomy of music emotion recognition: Evidence from frontotemporal lobar degeneration" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. Omar" 1 => "S.M.D. Henley" 2 => "J.W. Bartlett" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.002" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuroimage." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "1814" "paginaFinal" => "1821" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385617" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Music recognition in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and alzheimer disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.K. Johnson" 1 => "C.-C. Chang" 2 => "S.M. Brambati" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/WNN.0b013e31821de326" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cogn Behav Neurol." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "74" "paginaFinal" => "84" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617528" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013." ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Montreal Cognitive Assessment MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Z.S. Nasreddine" 1 => "N.A. Phillips" 2 => "V. Bédirian" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Geriatr Soc." "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "53" "paginaInicial" => "695" "paginaFinal" => "699" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15817019" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "INECO Frontal Screening (IFS): A brief, sensitive, and specific tool to assess executive functions in dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "T. Torralva" 1 => "M. Roca" 2 => "E. Gleichgerrcht" 3 => "P. López" 4 => "F. Manes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/S1355617709990415" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "777" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635178" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of the INECO Frontal Screening and the Frontal Assessment Battery in Peruvian patients with Alzheimer's disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. eNeurologicalSci" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N. Custodio" 1 => "E. Herrera-Perez" 2 => "D. Lira" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "25" "paginaFinal" => "29" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validation of the ineco frontal screening in a Colombian population" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Romero-Vanegas" 1 => "S. Romero-Vanegas" 2 => "J.C. Vargas-Gonzalez" 3 => "H. Arboleda" 4 => "F. Lopera" 5 => "R. Pardo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Alzheimer's Dement." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "P726" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Happy, sad, scary and peaceful musical excerpts for research on emotions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Vieillard" 1 => "I. Peretz" 2 => "N. Gosselin" 3 => "S. Khalfa" 4 => "L. Gagnon" 5 => "B. Bouchard" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cogn Emot." "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "720" "paginaFinal" => "752" ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Structural neuroanatomy of face processing in frontotemporal lobar degeneration" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R. Omar" 1 => "J.D. Rohrer" 2 => "J.C. Hailstone" 3 => "J.D. Warren" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/jnnp.2010.227983" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "82" "paginaInicial" => "1341" "paginaFinal" => "1343" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172863" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0315" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Problems of face recognition in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Chandra" 1 => "K. Patwardhan" 2 => "A. Pai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_90_17" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Psychol Med." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "653" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29200563" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0320" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Meta-analysis of facial emotion recognition in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E. Bora" 1 => "D. Velakoulis" 2 => "M. Walterfang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/0891988716640375" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "205" "paginaFinal" => "211" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27056068" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0325" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Social reasoning, emotion and empathy in frontotemporal dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Lough" 1 => "C.M. Kipps" 2 => "C. Treise" 3 => "P. Watson" 4 => "J.R. Blair" 5 => "J.R. Hodges" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.08.009" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia." "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "950" "paginaFinal" => "958" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16198378" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0330" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Theory of mind in frontotemporal dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C.M. Kipps" 1 => "J.R. Hodges" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/17470910600989847" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Soc Neurosci." "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "235" "paginaFinal" => "244" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633790" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0335" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Theory of mind in patients with frontal variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease: theoretical and practical implications" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C. Gregory" 1 => "S. Lough" 2 => "V. Stone" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/brain/awf079" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Brain." "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "125" "paginaInicial" => "752" "paginaFinal" => "764" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11912109" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S106474811500161X" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "10647481" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0340" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impaired emotion processing from vocal and facial cues in frontotemporal dementia compared to right hemisphere stroke" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C. Dara" 1 => "L. Kirsch-Darrow" 2 => "E. Ochfeld" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/13554794.2012.701641" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neurocase." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "521" "paginaFinal" => "529" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22827701" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1935861X08003379" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "1935861X" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0345" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Detecting sarcasm from paralinguistic cues: Anatomic and cognitive correlates in neurodegenerative disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.P. Rankin" 1 => "A. Salazar" 2 => "M.L. Gorno-Tempini" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.077" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuroimage." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "2005" "paginaFinal" => "2015" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19501175" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0350" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Affective prosody in frontotemporal dementia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C.E. Leyton" 1 => "A.E. Hillis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1212/WNL.0000000000004245" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neurology." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "89" "paginaInicial" => "644" "paginaFinal" => "645" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28724589" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0355" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Amygdaloid atrophy in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Boccardi" 1 => "C. Pennanen" 2 => "M.P. Laakso" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01169-2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neurosci Lett." "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "335" "paginaInicial" => "139" "paginaFinal" => "143" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459517" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0360" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Amygdala damage impairs emotion recognition from music" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N. Gosselin" 1 => "I. Peretz" 2 => "E. Johnsen" 3 => "R. Adolphs" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.07.012" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia." "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "236" "paginaFinal" => "244" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16970965" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1064748115001803" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "10647481" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/00347450/0000005000000002/v1_202105130822/S0034745020300214/v1_202105130822/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "21945" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Artículos originales" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00347450/0000005000000002/v1_202105130822/S0034745020300214/v1_202105130822/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745020300214?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Original article

Reconocimiento de emociones musicales en la variante conductual de la demencia frontotemporal

Juan Manuel Orjuela-Rojasa,

Corresponding author

orjuela.j@javeriana.edu.co

Corresponding author.

, Patricia Montañésb, Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo Rodríguezb, Néstor Ricardo González-Marínc

a La Inmaculada Memory Clinic, Bogotá, Colombia

b National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

c Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia

Read

869

Times
was read the article

195

Total PDF

674

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0034745020300214"
  "issn" => "00347450"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.002"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01"
  "aid" => "338"
  "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Colombiana de Psiquiatr&#237;a"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2020"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:74-81"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "en" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S2530312021000370"
      "issn" => "25303120"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.01.003"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01"
      "aid" => "338"
      "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Colombiana de Psiquiatr&#237;a"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:74-81"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:1 [
        "total" => 0
      ]
      "en" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
        "titulo" => "Recognition of musical emotions in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "en"
          1 => "es"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "74"
            "paginaFinal" => "81"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "es" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Reconocimiento de emociones musicales en la variante conductual de la demencia frontotemporal"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "en" => true
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0005"
            "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1582
                "Ancho" => 2167
                "Tamanyo" => 146453
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recognition of musical emotions in patients with bvFTD and control subjects&#46; Statistically significant differences were found for each of the musical emotions evaluated and in the overall test&#44; with the controls being those with the best performance&#46; SD&#58;&#160;standard deviation&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Juan Manuel Orjuela-Rojas, Patricia Monta&#241;&#233;s, Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo Rodr&#237;guez, N&#233;stor Ricardo Gonz&#225;lez-Mar&#237;n"
            "autores" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Juan Manuel"
                "apellidos" => "Orjuela-Rojas"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Patricia"
                "apellidos" => "Monta&#241;&#233;s"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo"
                "apellidos" => "Rodr&#237;guez"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "N&#233;stor Ricardo"
                "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez-Mar&#237;n"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S0034745020300214"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.002"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745020300214?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312021000370?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/25303120/0000005000000002/v1_202106050654/S2530312021000370/v1_202106050654/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0034745020300202"
    "issn" => "00347450"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.001"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01"
    "aid" => "337"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Colombiana de Psiquiatr&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:82-91"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "es" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Art&#237;culo original</span>"
      "titulo" => "Validaci&#243;n de la escala de Autoestigma por B&#250;squeda de Ayuda &#40;ABA&#41; en una poblaci&#243;n de estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "82"
          "paginaFinal" => "91"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Validation of the Self Stigma of Seeking Help &#40;SSOSH&#41; Scale in a Population of Colombian Medical Students"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1456
              "Ancho" => 1585
              "Tamanyo" => 128881
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gr&#225;fico y estad&#237;sticos del MODELO 5 de medici&#243;n de la escala de Autoestigma por b&#250;squeda de ayuda&#46; &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>96&#44;627 &#40;p&#160;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#59; RMSEA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;073 &#40;IC90&#37;&#44; 0&#44;056-0&#44;089&#41;&#59; CFI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;968&#59; TLI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;977&#59; WRMR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;844&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Brayan F&#46; Larrahondo, Jenny Garc&#237;a Valencia, Andr&#233;s Mauricio Rangel Mart&#237;nez-Villalba, Juan Pablo Zapata Ospina, Daniel C&#46; Aguirre-Acevedo"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Brayan F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Larrahondo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jenny"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a Valencia"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Andr&#233;s Mauricio"
              "apellidos" => "Rangel Mart&#237;nez-Villalba"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan Pablo"
              "apellidos" => "Zapata Ospina"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Daniel C&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Aguirre-Acevedo"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2530312021000357"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.01.002"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312021000357?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745020300202?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/00347450/0000005000000002/v1_202105130822/S0034745020300202/v1_202105130822/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0034745020300044"
    "issn" => "00347450"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2019.11.001"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01"
    "aid" => "336"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "cor"
    "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:72-3"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "es" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Prescripci&#243;n responsable en Psiquiatr&#237;a&#58; s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico&#44; &#191;un asunto pendiente&#63;"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "72"
          "paginaFinal" => "73"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Responsible prescription in Psychiatry&#58; Metabolic Syndrome&#44; an unresolved issue&#63;"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Carolina Marley Su&#225;rez Benites, Jhony Alberto De La Cruz Vargas"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carolina Marley"
              "apellidos" => "Su&#225;rez Benites"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jhony Alberto"
              "apellidos" => "De La Cruz Vargas"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2530312021000321"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2019.11.001"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312021000321?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745020300044?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/00347450/0000005000000002/v1_202105130822/S0034745020300044/v1_202105130822/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Recognition of musical emotions in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "74"
        "paginaFinal" => "81"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Juan Manuel Orjuela-Rojas, Patricia Monta&#241;&#233;s, Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo Rodr&#237;guez, N&#233;stor Ricardo Gonz&#225;lez-Mar&#237;n"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Juan Manuel"
            "apellidos" => "Orjuela-Rojas"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "orjuela.j@javeriana.edu.co"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Patricia"
            "apellidos" => "Monta&#241;&#233;s"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo"
            "apellidos" => "Rodr&#237;guez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "N&#233;stor Ricardo"
            "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez-Mar&#237;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "La Inmaculada Memory Clinic&#44; Bogot&#225;&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "National University of Colombia&#44; Bogot&#225;&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Universidad Militar Nueva Granada&#44; Bogot&#225;&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Reconocimiento de emociones musicales en la variante conductual de la demencia frontotemporal"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1685
            "Ancho" => 2197
            "Tamanyo" => 81739
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between the recognition of musical emotions and the INECO score&#46; The total of the sample showed a relationship of simultaneous increase in the INECO test and the ability to recognize the overall musical emotions &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;77&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;602&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#46;48&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Music is the language of emotions&#46; It is present in all cultures and has accompanied human kind since the dawn of history&#46; It is estimated that the human species has known music for approximately 200&#44;000 years&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> a period sufficient to foster the generation of specific brain modules for processing musical elements such as melodic contour&#44; tonal intervals&#44; timbre&#44; musical syntax&#44; rhythm and emotional expression&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years&#44; there have been multiple investigations of brain areas that process musical emotions&#46; For example&#44; highly pleasing music&#44; which generates autonomic activation states referred to as &#8220;chills&#8221; or &#8220;musical frisson&#8221;&#44; correlates with the release of dopamine in the ventral striatum&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> a fundamental mesolimbic structure for reward experiences&#46; Other studies show that in contrast to non-harmonic music&#44; harmonic music generates positive emotional responses by activating bilateral frontomedial structures&#44; the precuneus and occipital regions&#44; the latter for visual-auditory integration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Similarly&#44; the activation of the left anterior insula has been demonstrated to be of substantial relevance when a subject is exposed to music with consonant harmonic intervals &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; soft&#44; stable&#44; pleasant&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> compared to subjects exposed to dissonant harmonic intervals &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; violent&#44; dynamic&#44; unstable&#41;&#44; whose activation patterns predominate in structures such as the right parahippocampal gyrus and the right precuneus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In fact&#44; the comforting and pleasurable experience of music can be lost after brain injury&#44; such as strokes or tumors&#44; which disconnect right temporal structures from the nucleus accumbens&#44; causing musical anhedonia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Taken together the neuroscience research has shown that many frontal and temporal structures are involved in the emotional processing of music&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Frontotemporal dementia &#40;FTD&#41; is an umbrella clinical term that encompasses a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive deficits in behavior&#44; executive function or language&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The behavioral variant &#40;bvFTD&#41; is the most common clinical syndrome of FTD and accounts for nearly 60&#37; of cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The early stage is typically characterized by changes in personality and behavior&#44; with signs of disinhibition&#44; loss of personal and social awareness and lack of insight into the present condition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Neuroanatomical studies have shown that bvFTD is associated with different subtypes of atrophy in limbic and paralimbic areas&#44; including loss of cerebral cortex restricted to the frontal lobes &#40;frontal dominant&#41;&#59; anterior frontal and temporal regions atrophy &#40;frontotemporal subtype&#41;&#59; intermediate and lower&#44; predominantly right&#44; temporal regions atrophy &#40;dominant temporal&#41; and loss of volume in medial frontal regions with extension to temporoparietal structures &#40;temporofrontoparietal subtype&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> It is important to mention that in all the anatomical subtypes of bvFTD&#44; various degrees of damage are involved to structures such as the anterior cingulate&#44; the amygdala and the insula&#44; which are fundamental for social cognition&#44; empathy and recognition of emotions in others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several investigations have revealed that subjects with bvFDT have difficulty recognizing emotional signals from multiple processing modalities&#46; For example&#44; the recognition of positive&#44; negative and self-conscious facial expressions is significantly altered in the bvFTD patient compared with healthy subjects and&#47;or individuals with Alzheimer&#39;s disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Similarly&#44; the recognition of vocal emotions &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; emotional prosody&#41; is altered in the bvFTD subject&#44; an aspect that&#44; together with faults in the recognition of facial emotions&#44; contributes to the abnormal social behavior exhibited by these patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;16</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Few studies have evaluated the recognition of musical emotions in bvFTD patients&#46; In one study&#44; 11 patients with semantic dementia &#40;SD&#41;&#44; 12 with Alzheimer&#39;s disease and 20 healthy control participants underwent tests of emotion recognition in 2 modalities&#58; unfamiliar musical tunes and unknown faces&#46; Patients with SD were most impaired with the recognition of facial and musical emotions&#44; particularly for negative emotions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Another study investigated the neuroanatomical substrate for recognition of musical emotion in a cohort of 26 patients with FTD &#40;16 with bvFTD and 10 with SD&#41;&#46; Patients with FTD showed deficient recognition of canonical emotions &#40;happiness&#44; sadness&#44; anger and fear&#41; from music as well as faces and voices compared with healthy control subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Other studies that have focused on differences in pitch and melody discrimination&#44; detection of pitch errors in familiar melodies&#44; and naming of familiar melodies in FTD&#44; SD and Alzheimer disease&#44; showed that patients with SD had considerable difficulty naming familiar melodies and also scored the lowest when asked to identify pitch errors in the same melodies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this research is to assess the ability of bvFTD patients to recognize musical stimuli with emotions&#44; such as happiness&#44; sadness&#44; fear and peacefulness&#44; compared to healthy subjects&#44; using non-familiar piano pieces&#46; Due to the alterations in social cognition and particularly the lack of empathy&#44; we hypothesize that we will find worse performance in the recognition of music emotions in the group of considered cases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Participants</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A group of 12 patients with bvFTD was selected&#46; The subjects were recruited at the Memory Clinic of the La Inmaculada Clinic and in the private practice of the researchers in Bogot&#225;&#44; Colombia&#46; Patients between 50 and 72 years of age were included&#44; with a minimum of 3 years formal education&#44; with adequate hearing and comprehension capacity&#44; who fulfilled criteria for possible major frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder behavioral variant according to DSM 5&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> in mild or moderate stages&#46; All patients underwent a complete neurological examination&#46; Magnetic resonance brain imaging was reviewed&#44; finding typical patterns of mild to moderate atrophy in frontotemporal structures in all cases&#46; No genetic tests were done&#46; We excluded patients with a history of moderate or severe cranioencephalic trauma in the last 10 years&#44; a history of cerebrovascular disease and&#47;or those who presented psychotic symptoms or delirium during the neuropsychiatric interview&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The control group consisted of 24 subjects&#44; paired 2&#58;1 by age and schooling&#46; The criterion of normality was based on adequate cognitive performance in screening tests &#40;see below&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The control subjects signed an informed consent form&#46; Patients with bvFTD&#44; along with a family member&#44; also signed the informed consent&#46; The ethics committee of the institution approved the study&#46; No musicians were recruited as participants&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Sample size calculation</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several considerations were used to calculate the sample size&#58; a power of 80&#37;&#44; an &#945; error of 0&#46;05&#37; and a confidence interval of 95&#37;&#46; Because we adopted a paired case-control study&#44; the sample size was initially calculated for the continuous variables outcome type based on the formula&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#402;&#40;&#945;&#44;B&#41;S<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#47;&#916;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>1&#46; Subsequently&#44; the sample size was corrected by adjusting it to a ratio of 2 controls per case&#46; The calculation established a minimum sample size of 11 cases and 22 controls for a total of 33 subjects as a minimum&#46; This calculation was increased by 10&#37; as a population correction factor&#46; Thus&#44; 36 subjects were determined as the final sample size for the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Cognitive screening tests</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two cognitive screening tests were applied&#58; the Montreal Cognitive Assessment &#40;MoCA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> and INECO Frontal Screening &#40;IFS&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The MoCA is designed for the early detection of neurocognitive disorders&#46; The assessment measures performance in the following domains&#58; attention&#44; concentration&#44; executive functions &#40;including the capacity for abstraction&#41;&#44; memory&#44; language&#44; visuoconstructive abilities&#44; calculation and orientation&#46; The required administration time is approximately 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes&#46; The maximum score is 30&#44; and a score equal to or greater than 26 is considered normal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">IFS is a tool designed to evaluate different cognitive domains in disorders that affect frontal functioning&#46; In this test&#44; 3 groups of cognitive tasks are presented&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#41;</span> inhibition of responses and change of sets&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b&#41;</span> abstraction capacity&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c&#41;</span> working memory&#46; IFS is a useful means to differentiate bvFTD from other dementia types&#44; such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> The IFS cut-off point suggested for the Colombian population is 17&#46;5 &#40;sensitivity&#58; 92&#46;8&#37;&#59; specificity&#58; 86&#46;3 points&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Test of musical emotion recognition</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We considered 56 musical fragments that have been experimentally validated in Western culture<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> and represent four emotional categories&#58; happiness&#44; sadness&#44; fear and peacefulness&#46; The fragments were grouped into sets of 14 musical stimuli for each emotional category&#44; with a duration per fragment that ranged from 9&#46;2 to 16&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The theoretical paradigm of this test is based on considering music as an auditory stimulus capable of evoking emotions that can be easily recognized and labeled by any subject with or without musical training&#46; For example&#44; the fragments that denote happiness are written in the major mode with a fast tempo and medium-high melodic lines&#46; The musical fragments for sadness adopt a slow tempo and the minor mode&#46; The scary excerpts consist of minor chords in the third and sixth degrees of the scale&#44; implying the use of notes outside the initially established key&#46; In addition&#44; the chords can be irregular and with dissonant intervals&#46; Finally&#44; the musical fragments that express peacefulness are characterized by an intermediate tempo&#44; the major mode and interpretation based on arpeggios&#46; Each of the 56 fragments &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; tracks&#41; was digitally generated and had the quality of a piano tone&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Process</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To control environmental noise&#44; the evaluation was performed in a closed area&#46; The music fragments were reproduced in high quality using a Sony personal audio system model SRS-X3 at 50-60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>dB&#46; Each subject received a sheet on which were written the four emotions to be evaluated&#46; Subsequently&#44; the testing method was explained using 2 musical examples&#44; one from the soundtrack of the film <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8220;Jaws&#8221;</span> and the other from the soundtrack of the film <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8220;Schindler&#39;s List&#8221;&#44;</span> which represented fear and sadness&#44; respectively&#46; Once the participants understood the test&#44; the 56 musical tracks were randomly reproduced&#44; with an interval of 5 s between each track&#46; Each response was recorded by the evaluator&#46; Each track was played only once&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The collected information was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS released in 2007 for Windows&#44; version 16&#46;0&#44; Chicago&#46; The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was performed to evaluate the distribution of the variables under study&#46; The test found a normal distribution of the majority &#40;K-S&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#41;&#44; with the exception of MoCA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;06&#41; with non-normal distribution&#46; Thus&#44; non-parametric statistics tests were applied to this variable&#46; The descriptive statistics of the quantitative variables were established by measuring central tendency and dispersion &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; mean&#44; median&#44; standard deviation&#44; and interquartile range&#41;&#46; For the categorical variables&#44; frequencies were described&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to ensure balanced groups and maintain between-group comparability&#44; assessing baseline was performed&#44; taking care that demographic variables&#44; such as age&#44; gender and years of schooling&#44; did not display statistically significant differences between the two groups &#40;unpaired samples <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the occurrence of statistically significant differences in the recognition of musical emotions between the two groups&#44; hypothesis tests of parametric statistics &#40;a two-way Anova&#41; were performed comparing the &#40;average&#41; measurement of successes in the recognition of each musical emotion and the total test scores in each group&#46; Additionally&#44; the relationship between musical emotion recognition performance and the neuropsychological screening scale scores &#40;MoCA&#41; was evaluated using dispersion graphs and nonparametric linear regression&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Demographic information</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients with bvFTD included in the study &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41; presented a mean age of 64&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;3 years&#44; a male gender proportion of 58&#46;3&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41; and an average of 11&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;87 years of education&#46; The control group &#40;n&#61;24&#41; had similar characteristics&#44; maintaining between-group comparability &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Neuropsychological screening</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the control group&#44; the subjects obtained a MoCA score median of 27&#46;5 &#91;interquartile range&#44; 6&#93;&#46; For bvFTD group&#44; the MoCA score was 14&#46;5 &#91;17&#93;&#46; For IFS&#44; the control group obtained a score of 24 &#91;3&#46;3&#93;&#44; while subjects with bvFTD scored 8&#46;6 &#91;6&#46;4&#93;&#46; As expected&#44; statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Recognition of musical emotions</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with bvFTD&#44; the total mean of correct answers on the test was 23&#46;6 &#40;42&#46;26&#37;&#41;&#46; In contrast&#44; for the control subjects&#44; the average number of correct answers was 36&#46;3 &#40;64&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; The ability to recognize musical emotions was significantly lower in bvFTD patients compared to controls&#59; statistically significant differences were found for each of the evaluated musical emotions and in the overall test &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#40;1&#44;34&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#44;71&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; the ability to recognize positive &#40;happy&#44; peaceful&#41; and negative &#40;sad&#44; scary&#41; musical emotions was evaluated&#46; The control group exhibited a statistically significant better performance in the ability to recognize positive and negative musical emotions compared to the bvFTD group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#40;1&#44;34&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>29&#44;6&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; In the same way&#44; patients with bvFTD had less percentage of correct answers in the recognition of negative emotions compared with positive emotions &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#40;1&#44;34&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;3&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figure 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The control group also had greater difficulties recognizing negative musical emotions compared with positive emotions&#46; The within-groups statistical test revealed important differences in the recognition of positive versus negative musical emotions&#44; which represents a statistically significant difference regarding the recognition of positive compared to negative emotions in both groups&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relationship between the recognition of musical emotions and the MoCA score was evaluated&#46; We observed a trend of simultaneous increase in the 2 variables&#46; However&#44; a strong linear association between the 2 variables was not found &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;74&#41;&#46; Only 55&#46;1&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;55&#41; of the change in the proportion of total successfully recognized musical emotions was explained by the degree of cognitive deterioration detected with the MoCA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#46;45&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figure 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Similar results were found when performing this same analysis with IFS&#44; whereby only 60&#37; of the changes detected in the bvFTD group by this instrument were explained &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;77&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;602&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#46;48&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">figure 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Discussion</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study investigated the recognition of musical emotions in subjects who have suffered damage to frontotemporal structures in the context of a neurodegenerative disease&#46; The most relevant results were that patients with bvFTD had greater difficulties&#44; compared with healthy subjects&#44; in the recognition of musical fragments that transmitted emotions&#44; such as happiness and peacefulness&#44; and had even more difficulties in those with sadness and fear sounds &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study revealed that both&#44; healthy and bvFTD subjects&#44; found it easier to recognize positive than negative musical emotions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figure 2</a>&#41;&#46; That is&#44; the general sample was more sensitive in identifying musical pieces that conveyed happiness and peacefulness than sadness and fear&#46; The within-group analysis showed the difficulty experienced by both groups in recognizing negative musical emotions&#44; whereby the subjects with bvFTD performed worse&#46; This finding is important because many patients with bvFTD exhibit aggressive&#44; impulsive and become less sensitive to others feelings and needs&#44; symptoms that reveal lack of empathy&#46; Poor recognition of negative emotions such as fear and sadness&#44; which often signal distress and need to others&#44; may be interpreted as a lack of empathy and concern in the patients&#46; Consistent with this&#44; caregivers often describe patients with bvFTD as showing a lack of emotional concern for others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> In the case of control subjects&#44; the facility to recognize positive musical emotions&#44; particularly the happiness&#44; is consistent with other studies in a healthy population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results are also consistent with those of other studies that find the recognition of social emotions is compromised by FTD&#46; Such studies provide ample evidence regarding the difficulty faced by these patients in recognizing facial emotions&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26-28</span></a> in adapting to alterations in the processes of cognition and affective&#44; as well as moral empathy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;29</span></a> in coping with defects in the theory of the mind&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a> and in recognizing emotional prosody&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32-34</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Musical emotions belong to this spectrum of social emotions&#44; since music is a non-verbal language that facilitates cohesion and emotional synchronization in human groups&#46; Some studies&#44; previously mentioned in the introduction&#44; support our results in relation to the flawed recognition of musical emotions in FTD patients and link it to insular and amygdala atrophy as well as volume reduction of the right temporal pole and the anterior inferior regions of the left temporal lobe&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Of substantial importance is dysfunction of the amygdala in the bvFTD patients&#44; which is clinically manifested by disinhibition&#44; hyperorality and hypersexuality &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; Kl&#252;ver-Bucy-like symptoms&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> This structure is fundamental for the processing of emotional and socially relevant information&#44; including threatening stimuli&#46; Several studies have demonstrated&#44; in different clinical contexts&#44; that amygdala damage prevents the recognition of sad or fearful music&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> as documented by our patients with bvFTD&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the link between theory of mind&#44; social cognition and musical emotions&#44; musical recognition could be considered a form of mental attribution that is performed on an abstract stimulus&#44; in this case&#44; music&#46; It has been found that emotional musical recognition in bvFTD patients is associated with the activation of an extensive bilateral neural network &#40;maintained in part by von Economo neurons&#41;&#44; which include the insula&#44; the anterior cingulate&#44; the prefrontal cortex&#44; the orbitofrontal cortex&#44; the prefrontal medial and dorsal prefrontal cortex&#44; the anterosuperior temporal cortex&#44; the fusiform gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus&#46; Similarly&#44; limbic areas&#44; such as the amygdala and the hypothalamus&#44; are involved&#44; as well as subcortical regions&#44; including the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; in our study&#44; we analyzed the proportion of correct answers in relation to the MoCA and IFS cognitive screening tests &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figure 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">figure 4</a>&#41;&#46; We found that the poorer the cognitive performance of the subjects was&#44; the worse their ability to recognize musical emotions&#46; In IFS&#44; which evaluates frontal&#47;executive functions with greater precision than the MoCA&#44; 60&#37; of correct answers were explained by the degree of cognitive deterioration&#46; This outcome indicates that additional variables are probably involved in the recognition of musical emotion&#44; for example&#44; the subject&#39;s profession &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; musician versus non-musician&#41;&#44; the degree of fondness for and curiosity regarding music&#44; the lyrical versus melodic component of the music&#44; the cultural aspects of musical recognition&#44; and medical comorbidities &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; temporal lobe epilepsy&#41;&#46; In our study&#44; no musicians were recruited as participants&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One limitation of the study was the difficulty that subjects experienced in differentiating sad from peaceful music&#44; probably because sad music typically generates a relaxing effect&#46; The control subjects also exhibited sub-optimal performance in this aspect of the test&#46; They achieved a total score of 64&#46;8&#37; correct in identifying the music fragments in our study&#44; while in other studies&#44; they achieved scores higher than 80&#37; &#40;25&#44;36&#41;&#46; In future research&#44; we consider important to separate bvFTD patients according to the anatomical subtypes described in the introduction &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; frontal dominant&#44; frontotemporal&#44; temporal dominant and temporofrontoparietal&#41; and to correlate the structural and functional changes of the neural networks compromised by the disease with the ability to recognize musical emotions&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conclusions</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results indicate that the recognition of musical stimuli with positive &#40;happiness&#44; peacefulness&#41; and negative &#40;sadness&#44; fear&#41; emotions are compromised in patients with bvFTD&#46; The processing of negative musical emotions is the most difficult for these individuals&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1510455"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Introduction"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1370108"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1510454"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1370109"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Material and methods"
          "secciones" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Participants"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Sample size calculation"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Cognitive screening tests"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Test of musical emotion recognition"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Process"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Demographic information"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Neuropsychological screening"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Recognition of musical emotions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0070"
          "titulo" => "Conclusions"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2019-09-14"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-01-09"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1370108"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Neurocognitive disorders"
            1 => "Auditory perception"
            2 => "Cognitive dysfunction"
            3 => "Music"
            4 => "Frontotemporal dementia"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1370109"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Trastornos neurocognoscitivos"
            1 => "Percepci&#243;n auditiva"
            2 => "Disfunci&#243;n cognitiva"
            3 => "M&#250;sica"
            4 => "Demencia frontotemporal"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multiple investigations have revealed that patients with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia &#40;bvFTD&#41; experience difficulty recognizing emotional signals in multiple processing modalities &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; faces&#44; prosody&#41;&#46; Few studies have evaluated the recognition of musical emotions in these patients&#46; This research aims to evaluate the ability of subjects with bvFTD to recognize musical stimuli with positive and negative emotions&#44; in comparison with healthy subjects&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">bvFTD &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41; and healthy control participants &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41; underwent a test of musical emotion recognition&#58; 56 fragments of piano music were randomly reproduced&#44; 14 for each of the emotions &#40;happiness&#44; sadness&#44; fear&#44; and peacefulness&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the subjects with bvFTD&#44; a mean of correct answers of 23&#46;6 &#40;42&#46;26&#37;&#41; was observed in contrast to the control subjects&#44; where the average number of correct answers was 36&#46;3 &#40;64&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Statistically significant differences were found for each of the evaluated musical emotions and in the total score on the performed test &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#46; The within-group analysis showed greater difficulty for both groups in recognizing negative musical emotions &#40;sadness&#44; fear&#41;&#44; with the subjects with bvFTD exhibiting worse performance&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our results indicate that the recognition of musical stimuli with positive &#40;happiness&#44; peacefulness&#41; and negative &#40;sadness&#44; fear&#41; emotions are compromised in patients with bvFTD&#46; The processing of negative musical emotions is the most difficult for these individuals&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">M&#250;ltiples estudios han revelado que los sujetos con la variante conductual de la demencia frontotemporal &#40;bvFTD&#41; tienen dificultades para reconocer se&#241;ales emocionales en m&#250;ltiples diferentes modalidades de procesamiento &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; rostros&#44; prosodia&#41;&#46; Actualmente&#44; existen pocos estudios que eval&#250;en el reconocimiento de emociones musicales en esta poblaci&#243;n&#46; El objetivo de esta investigaci&#243;n es evaluar la capacidad de los sujetos con bvFTD para reconocer est&#237;mulos musicales con emociones positivas y negativas&#44; en comparaci&#243;n con sujetos sanos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se evalu&#243; a 12 pacientes con bvFTD y 24 controles sanos mediante una prueba de reconocimiento de emociones musicales&#46; Se reprodujeron aleatoriamente 56 fragmentos de m&#250;sica de piano&#44; 14 para cada una de las emociones &#40;felicidad&#44; tristeza&#44; miedo y tranquilidad&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los pacientes con bvFTD&#44; se observ&#243; una media de respuestas correctas de 23&#44;6 &#40;42&#44;26&#37;&#41;&#44; en contraste con los sujetos de control&#44; quienes obtuvieron un promedio de respuestas correctas de 36&#44;3 &#40;64&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas para cada una de las emociones musicales evaluadas y en la puntuaci&#243;n total de la prueba &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41;&#46; El an&#225;lisis intragrupal mostr&#243; una mayor dificultad en ambos grupos para el reconocimiento de emociones musicales negativas &#40;tristeza&#44; miedo&#41;&#44; y los sujetos con bvFTD son los que mostraron peor desempe&#241;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nuestros resultados indican que el reconocimiento de est&#237;mulos musicales con emociones positivas &#40;felicidad&#44; tranquilidad&#41; y negativas &#40;tristeza&#44; miedo&#41; se ve afectado en pacientes con bvFTD&#46; Las emociones musicales negativas son las m&#225;s dif&#237;ciles de reconocer para estos pacientes&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:5 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1582
            "Ancho" => 2167
            "Tamanyo" => 146453
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recognition of musical emotions in patients with bvFTD and control subjects&#46; Statistically significant differences were found for each of the musical emotions evaluated and in the overall test&#44; with the controls being those with the best performance&#46; SD&#58;&#160;standard deviation&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1698
            "Ancho" => 2167
            "Tamanyo" => 127670
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the ability to recognize positive and negative musical emotions in patients with bvFTD and control subjects&#46; Statistically significant differences were found in both groups in recognizing negative musical emotions&#44; compared with positive musical emotions&#44; with patients with bvFTD having the worst performance&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1412
            "Ancho" => 2177
            "Tamanyo" => 72506
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between the recognition of musical emotions and the MoCA score&#46; The total of the sample showed a relationship of simultaneous increase in the MoCA test and the ability to recognize the general musical emotions &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;74&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;55&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#46;45&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1685
            "Ancho" => 2197
            "Tamanyo" => 81739
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between the recognition of musical emotions and the INECO score&#46; The total of the sample showed a relationship of simultaneous increase in the INECO test and the ability to recognize the overall musical emotions &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;77&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;602&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#46;48&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values shown as n &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation or median &#91;interquartile range&#93;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;73<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;41&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;47&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;58&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;52&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;94<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Education &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;85<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MoCA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;5 &#91;17&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;5 &#91;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#91;23&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">INECO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2594129.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">&#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Student&#39;s t-test&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:36 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The singing Neanderthals&#58; the origins of music&#44; language&#44; mind"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Mithen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "and body"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "editorial" => "Weidenfeld &#38; Nicholson"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "London"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Modularity of music processing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Peretz"
                            1 => "M&#46; Coltheart"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nn1083"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Neurosci&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "688"
                        "paginaFinal" => "691"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12830160"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "V&#46;N&#46; Salimpoor"
                            1 => "M&#46; Benovoy"
                            2 => "K&#46; Larcher"
                            3 => "A&#46; Dagher"
                            4 => "R&#46;J&#46; Zatorre"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nn.2726"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Neurosci&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "257"
                        "paginaFinal" => "262"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217764"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Separate cortical networks involved in music perception&#58; preliminary functional MRI evidence for modularity of music processing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "V&#46;J&#46; Schmithorst"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.006"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuroimage&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "444"
                        "paginaFinal" => "451"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15784423"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673618302952"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Investigating emotion with music&#58; An fMRI study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Koelsch"
                            1 => "T&#46; Fritz"
                            2 => "D&#46;Y&#46; Cramon"
                            3 => "K&#46; M&#252;ller"
                            4 => "A&#46;D&#46; Friederici"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/hbm.20180"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Hum Brain Mapp&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "239"
                        "paginaFinal" => "250"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16078183"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlate with activity in paralimbic brain regions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46;J&#46; Blood"
                            1 => "R&#46;J&#46; Zatorre"
                            2 => "P&#46; Bermudez"
                            3 => "A&#46;C&#46; Evans"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/7299"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Neurosci&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "382"
                        "paginaFinal" => "387"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10204547"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neural correlates of specific musical anhedonia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Molina"
                            1 => "E&#46; Mas-Herrero"
                            2 => "A&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Fornells"
                            3 => "R&#46;J&#46; Zatorre"
                            4 => "J&#46; Marco-Pallar&#233;s"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1073/pnas.1611211113"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Proc Natl Acad Sci&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                        "paginaInicial" => "E7337"
                        "paginaFinal" => "E7345"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799544"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Frontotemporal dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Bang"
                            1 => "S&#46; Spina"
                            2 => "B&#46;L&#46; Miller"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00461-4"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "386"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1672"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1682"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595641"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The epidemiology of frontotemporal dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;U&#46; Onyike"
                            1 => "J&#46; Diehl-Schmid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3109/09540261.2013.776523"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Rev Psychiatry&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "130"
                        "paginaFinal" => "137"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23611343"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The frontotemporal dementias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;L&#46; Wald&#246;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.psc.2015.02.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatr Clin North Am&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "193"
                        "paginaFinal" => "209"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25998110"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Distinct anatomical subtypes of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia&#58; a cluster analysis study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Whitwell"
                            1 => "S&#46;A&#46; Przybelski"
                            2 => "S&#46;D&#46; Weigand"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/brain/awp232"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brain&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "132"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2932"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2946"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762452"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The anatomy of empathy&#58; Vicarious experience and disorders of social cognition"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "P&#46;L&#46; Lockwood"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.048"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Behav Brain Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "311"
                        "paginaInicial" => "255"
                        "paginaFinal" => "266"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27235714"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Emotion recognition in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer&#39;s disease&#58; A new film-based assessment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;S&#46; Goodkind"
                            1 => "V&#46;E&#46; Sturm"
                            2 => "E&#46;A&#46; Ascher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1037/a0039261"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Emotion&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "416"
                        "paginaFinal" => "427"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26010574"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Face and emotion processing in frontal variant frontotemporal dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Keane"
                            1 => "A&#46;J&#46; Calder"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Hodges"
                            3 => "A&#46;W&#46; Young"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00156-7"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "655"
                        "paginaFinal" => "665"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11792405"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Primary empathy deficits in frontotemporal dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Baez"
                            1 => "F&#46; Manes"
                            2 => "D&#46; Huepe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fnagi.2014.00262"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Aging Neurosci&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "262"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25346685"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Integration of intention and outcome for moral judgment in frontotemporal dementia&#58; brain structural signatures"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Baez"
                            1 => "P&#46; Kanske"
                            2 => "D&#46; Matallana"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1159/000441918"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurodegener Dis&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "206"
                        "paginaFinal" => "217"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26859768"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673620307558"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain correlates of musical and facial emotion recognition&#58; Evidence from the dementias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Hsieh"
                            1 => "M&#46; Hornberger"
                            2 => "O&#46; Piguet"
                            3 => "J&#46;R&#46; Hodges"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1814"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1822"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22579645"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The structural neuroanatomy of music emotion recognition&#58; Evidence from frontotemporal lobar degeneration"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Omar"
                            1 => "S&#46;M&#46;D&#46; Henley"
                            2 => "J&#46;W&#46; Bartlett"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.002"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuroimage&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1814"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1821"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385617"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Music recognition in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and alzheimer disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;K&#46; Johnson"
                            1 => "C&#46;-C&#46; Chang"
                            2 => "S&#46;M&#46; Brambati"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/WNN.0b013e31821de326"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cogn Behav Neurol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "74"
                        "paginaFinal" => "84"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617528"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "American Psychiatric Association&#46; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders&#46; Washington&#58; American Psychiatric Association&#59; 2013&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Montreal Cognitive Assessment MoCA&#58; a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "Z&#46;S&#46; Nasreddine"
                            1 => "N&#46;A&#46; Phillips"
                            2 => "V&#46; B&#233;dirian"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Geriatr Soc&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "695"
                        "paginaFinal" => "699"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15817019"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "INECO Frontal Screening &#40;IFS&#41;&#58; A brief&#44; sensitive&#44; and specific tool to assess executive functions in dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Torralva"
                            1 => "M&#46; Roca"
                            2 => "E&#46; Gleichgerrcht"
                            3 => "P&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            4 => "F&#46; Manes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1017/S1355617709990415"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "777"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635178"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of the INECO Frontal Screening and the Frontal Assessment Battery in Peruvian patients with Alzheimer&#39;s disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia&#46; eNeurologicalSci"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Custodio"
                            1 => "E&#46; Herrera-Perez"
                            2 => "D&#46; Lira"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "25"
                        "paginaFinal" => "29"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Validation of the ineco frontal screening in a Colombian population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Romero-Vanegas"
                            1 => "S&#46; Romero-Vanegas"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Vargas-Gonzalez"
                            3 => "H&#46; Arboleda"
                            4 => "F&#46; Lopera"
                            5 => "R&#46; Pardo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Alzheimer&#39;s Dement&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "P726"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Happy&#44; sad&#44; scary and peaceful musical excerpts for research on emotions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Vieillard"
                            1 => "I&#46; Peretz"
                            2 => "N&#46; Gosselin"
                            3 => "S&#46; Khalfa"
                            4 => "L&#46; Gagnon"
                            5 => "B&#46; Bouchard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cogn Emot&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "720"
                        "paginaFinal" => "752"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Structural neuroanatomy of face processing in frontotemporal lobar degeneration"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Omar"
                            1 => "J&#46;D&#46; Rohrer"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Hailstone"
                            3 => "J&#46;D&#46; Warren"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/jnnp.2010.227983"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1341"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1343"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172863"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Problems of face recognition in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Chandra"
                            1 => "K&#46; Patwardhan"
                            2 => "A&#46; Pai"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_90_17"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Psychol Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "653"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29200563"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Meta-analysis of facial emotion recognition in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Bora"
                            1 => "D&#46; Velakoulis"
                            2 => "M&#46; Walterfang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1177/0891988716640375"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "205"
                        "paginaFinal" => "211"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27056068"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Social reasoning&#44; emotion and empathy in frontotemporal dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Lough"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Kipps"
                            2 => "C&#46; Treise"
                            3 => "P&#46; Watson"
                            4 => "J&#46;R&#46; Blair"
                            5 => "J&#46;R&#46; Hodges"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.08.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "950"
                        "paginaFinal" => "958"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16198378"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Theory of mind in frontotemporal dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;M&#46; Kipps"
                            1 => "J&#46;R&#46; Hodges"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/17470910600989847"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Soc Neurosci&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "235"
                        "paginaFinal" => "244"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633790"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Theory of mind in patients with frontal variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer&#39;s disease&#58; theoretical and practical implications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Gregory"
                            1 => "S&#46; Lough"
                            2 => "V&#46; Stone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/brain/awf079"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brain&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "125"
                        "paginaInicial" => "752"
                        "paginaFinal" => "764"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11912109"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S106474811500161X"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10647481"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impaired emotion processing from vocal and facial cues in frontotemporal dementia compared to right hemisphere stroke"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Dara"
                            1 => "L&#46; Kirsch-Darrow"
                            2 => "E&#46; Ochfeld"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/13554794.2012.701641"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurocase&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "521"
                        "paginaFinal" => "529"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22827701"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1935861X08003379"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "1935861X"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Detecting sarcasm from paralinguistic cues&#58; Anatomic and cognitive correlates in neurodegenerative disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46;P&#46; Rankin"
                            1 => "A&#46; Salazar"
                            2 => "M&#46;L&#46; Gorno-Tempini"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.077"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuroimage&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2005"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2015"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19501175"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0350"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Affective prosody in frontotemporal dementia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;E&#46; Leyton"
                            1 => "A&#46;E&#46; Hillis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1212/WNL.0000000000004245"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurology&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "644"
                        "paginaFinal" => "645"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28724589"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Amygdaloid atrophy in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer&#39;s disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Boccardi"
                            1 => "C&#46; Pennanen"
                            2 => "M&#46;P&#46; Laakso"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01169-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosci Lett&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "335"
                        "paginaInicial" => "139"
                        "paginaFinal" => "143"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459517"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Amygdala damage impairs emotion recognition from music"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Gosselin"
                            1 => "I&#46; Peretz"
                            2 => "E&#46; Johnsen"
                            3 => "R&#46; Adolphs"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.07.012"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "236"
                        "paginaFinal" => "244"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16970965"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1064748115001803"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10647481"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/00347450/0000005000000002/v1_202105130822/S0034745020300214/v1_202105130822/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "21945"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Art&#237;culos originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00347450/0000005000000002/v1_202105130822/S0034745020300214/v1_202105130822/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745020300214?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 00347450
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.002

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	8	0	8
2024 October	12	8	20
2024 September	31	23	54
2024 August	24	12	36
2024 July	18	6	24
2024 June	9	6	15
2024 May	9	7	16
2024 April	34	4	38
2024 March	28	6	34
2024 February	22	4	26
2024 January	15	2	17
2023 December	13	4	17
2023 November	18	6	24
2023 October	29	6	35
2023 September	17	3	20
2023 August	13	7	20
2023 July	20	2	22
2023 June	14	2	16
2023 May	21	1	22
2023 April	31	6	37
2023 March	25	3	28
2023 February	14	2	16
2023 January	15	6	21
2022 December	17	5	22
2022 November	36	7	43
2022 October	50	4	54
2022 September	49	11	60
2022 August	13	6	19
2022 July	12	6	18
2022 June	9	4	13
2022 May	17	9	26
2022 April	26	17	43
2021 October	4	0	4
2021 September	1	0	1

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter