Article information
Resumen
Introducción
En Colombia, la prevalencia de los problemas relacionados con la dependencia a la heroína ha ido en aumento desde los años noventa.
MétodoLuego de contextualizar este problema, el artículo se centra en los hallazgos científicos, las indicaciones y limitaciones farmacoterapéuticas de la gama de medicamentos existentes para el manejo agudo del síndrome de abstinencia, conocido comúnmente como la desintoxicación.
ResultadosLas opciones farmacológicas disponibles incluyen agonistas opioides, agonistas opiáceos parciales, los antagonistas opioides y agonistas alfa-2 adrenérgicos.
ConclusiónAunque el tratamiento integral de la dependencia de heroína incluye intervenciones psicoterapéuticas, esta revisión señala que el enfoque, tal vez, más exitoso para controlar el síndrome agudo de abstinencia de la suspensión abrupta de la heroína es la sustitución con metadona o buprenorfina seguido por una reducción gradual de las dosis, al tiempo que se promueven cambios de estilos de vida duraderos y la prevención de recaídas.
Palabras clave:
heroína
opio
farmacoterapia
Abstract
Introduction
In Colombia, the prevalence of problems associated with heroin dependence has increased since the nineties.
MethodAfter contextualize this issue, the article focuses on the scientific findings, indications, and pharmacotherapeutic limitations of the range of existing medications to treat acute withdrawal syndrome, commonly known as detoxification.
ResultsThe pharmacological options available include opioid agonists, opioid partial agonists, antagonists and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.
ConclusionAlthough the comprehensive treatment of heroin dependence include psychotherapeutic interventions, this review indicates that the approach, perhaps more successful in controlling acute withdrawal syndrome after abrupt discontinuation of heroin is methadone or buprenorphine followed by a gradual reduction in dose, while promoting lifestyle changes sustainable and relapse prevention.
Key words:
Heroin
opiate
pharmacotherapy
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