metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Análisis comparativo de costos directos y funcionamiento global en personas afe...
Journal Information
Vol. 40. Issue S.
Pages 50S-63S (January 2011)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 40. Issue S.
Pages 50S-63S (January 2011)
Artículos originales
Full text access
Análisis comparativo de costos directos y funcionamiento global en personas afectadas por trastorno bipolar I y II, en tratamiento ambulatorio
Comparative Analysis for Direct Costs and Global Functions in Persons Affected By Bipolar Disorders I and II in Outpatient Treatment
Visits
1052
Ana Igoa1, Diego Martino2, Clara Khan3, Patricia Scchiavo4, Eliana Marengo5, Sergio Strejilevich6,
Corresponding author
sstrejilevich@ffavaloro.org

Correspondencia: Sergio A. Strejilevich, Congreso 2477 Dto D (1428), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
1 Médica especialista en Psiquiatría, Programa de Trastornos Bipolares, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Favaloro. Buenos Aires, Argentina
2 Médico especialista en Psiquiatría, Programa de Trastornos Bipolares, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Favaloro. Buenos Aires, Argentina
3 Médica especialista en Psiquiatría, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Teodoro Álvarez. Buenos Aires, Argentina
4 Médica especialista en Psiquiatría, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Teodoro Álvarez. Buenos Aires, Argentina
5 Médica especialista en Psiquiatría, Programa de Trastornos Bipolares, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Favaloro. Buenos Aires, Argentina
6 Médico Especialista en Psiquiatría, Programa de Trastornos Bipolares, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Favaloro. Buenos Aires, Argentina
This item has received
Article information
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar los costos directos, el nivel de funcionamiento y la tasa de empleo reportada en una muestra aleatoria de personas con trastorno bipolar (TB) I y II que se atienden en forma ambulatoria.

Métodos

Se analizaron y compararon los costos directos de los tratamientos ambulatorios de 165 pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno bipolar tipo I y II (el costo mensual del tratamiento farmacológico, el número de consultas mensuales, el número de internaciones y días de internación). Se estimó el funcionamiento global y se consignó la condición laboral.

Resultados

El 51,5% (n=85) de los pacientes presentaba diagnóstico de TB tipo I y 48,5% (n=80) de TB tipo II. El 40,6% de los pacientes se encontraba desocupado; el puntaje de GAF fue 73 ± 12,59. Los costos mensuales del tratamiento farmacológico fueron de $480 ± $350,4 por paciente sin diferencia entre los TB. Un mayor porcentaje de pacientes con TB I había tenido internaciones y recibía antipsicóticos, mientras que un mayor porcentaje de pacientes con TB II recibía antidepresivos y asistía al psicólogo.

Discusión

Los pacientes con diagnóstico de TB I y TB II deben afrontar tratamientos farmacológicos que implican un costo promedio equivalente a un cuarto del ingreso mínimo en nuestro país, independientemente del tipo de trastorno bipolar que padezcan. Ambos grupos de pacientes presentaban una elevada tasa de desempleo y puntajes de funcionamiento global relativamente bajos.

Palabras clave:
Trastorno bipolar
análisis de costos
costos directos de servicio
empleo
Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the direct costs, the functional level and the employment rate reported for a random sample of people with Bipolar Disorders (BD) I and II that are cared for as outpatients.

Methods

The direct costs of outpatient treatment for 165 patients diagnosed with types I and II bipolar disorders were compared and analyzed (the monthly cost of pharmacological treatments, the number of consultations per month, the number of hospitalizations and the days spent in hospital). Global functioning was estimated and their employment was recorded.

Results

51,5% (N=85) of the patients had been diagnosed with type I BD and 48.5% (N=80) with BD type II. 40,6% of the patients were unemployed; the GAF score was 73 ± 12,59. Monthly costs of pharmacological treatment were $480 ± $350,4 per patient, with no difference between the type of BD. A larger percentage of type I BD patients had been hospitalized and received anti-psychotic drugs, whereas a greater percentage of BD II patients received anti-depressants and went to a psychologist.

Discussion

Patients diagnosed with BDI and BD II must face pharmacological treatments that imply an average cost equal to one quarter of the minimum income in our country, independent of the type of bipolar disorder they suffer. Both groups of patients presented a high level of unemployment and relatively low global functioning scores.

Key words:
Bipolar disorder
costs analysis
direct costs of services
employment
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Referencias
[1]
PE Keck Jr, SL McElroy, SM Strakowski, et al.
12-month outcome of patients with bipolar disorder following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode.
Am J Psychiatry, 155 (1998), pp. 646-652
[2]
SM Strakowski, PE Keck, SL McElroy, et al.
Twelve-month outcome after a first hospitalization for affective psychosis.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55 (1998), pp. 49-55
[3]
M Tohen, CA Zárate, J Hennen, et al.
The McLean-Harvard first-episode mania study: prediction of recovery and first recurrence.
Am J Psychiatry, 160 (2003), pp. 2099-2107
[4]
R Das Gupta, J Guest.
Annual cost of bipolar disorder to UK society.
Br J Psychiatry, 180 (2002), pp. 227-233
[5]
L Hakkaart-van Origen, M Hoeijenhos, E Reeger, et al.
The societal costs and quality of life of patients suffering bipolar disorder in the Netherlands.
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 110 (2004), pp. 383-392
[6]
GL Stimmel.
The economic burden of bipolar disorder.
Psychiatric Serv, 55 (2004), pp. 117-118
[7]
JD Lish, S Dime-Meenan, PC Whybrow, et al.
The national depressive and manic-depressive association (DMDA) survey of bipolar members.
J Affect Disord, 31 (1994), pp. 281-294
[8]
J Angst.
The epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, (1995), pp. 95-98
[9]
H Akiskal, M Bourgeois, J Angst, et al.
Re-evaluating the prevalence of and diagnostic composition within the broad clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders.
J Affect Disord, 59 (2000), pp. 5-30
[10]
KR Merikangas, HS Akiskal, J Angst, et al.
Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 64 (2007), pp. 543-552
[11]
F Benazzi.
Psychotic versus nonpsychotic bipolar outpatient depression.
Eur Psychiatry, 14 (1999), pp. 458-461
[12]
PE Keck, SL McElroy, JR Havens, et al.
Psychosis in bipolar disorder: phenomenology and impact on morbidity and course of illness.
Compr Psychiatry, 44 (2003), pp. 263-269
[13]
FK Goodwin, K Jamison.
Manic-Depressive illness: Bipolar disorder and recurrent depression, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, (2007),
[14]
L Mazzarini, F Colom, I Pacchiarotti, et al.
Psychotic versus non-psychotic bipolar II disorder.
J Affect Disord, 126 (2010), pp. 55-60
[15]
E Vieta, C Gastó, A Otero, et al.
Differential features between bipolar I and II disorders.
Compr Psychiatry, 38 (1997), pp. 98-101
[16]
LL Judd, HS Akiskal, PJ Schetttler, et al.
The long term weekly symtomatic status of bipolar I disorder.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 59 (2002), pp. 530-537
[17]
LL Judd, HS Akiskal, PJ Schettler, et al.
The comparative clinical phenotype and long term longitudinal episode course of bipolar I and II: clinical spectrum or distinct disorders?.
J Affect Disord, 73 (2003), pp. 19-32
[18]
LL Judd, HS Akiskal, PJ Schetttler, et al.
A prospective investigation of the natural history of the long term weekly symptomatic status of bipolar II disorder.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60 (2003), pp. 261-269
[19]
RJ Baldessarini, L Tondo, J Hennen.
Treatment-latency and previous episodes: relationships to pretreatment morbidity and response to maintenance treatment in bipolar I and II disorders.
Bipolar Disord, 5 (2003), pp. 169-179
[20]
LN Yatham, SH Kennedy, A Schaffer, et al.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the managment of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2009.
Bipolar Disord, 11 (2009), pp. 225-255
[21]
SA Strejilevich, G Vazquez, G Garcia Bonetto, et al.
2º Consenso Argentino sobre el tratamiento de los trastornos bipolares.
Vertex, 21 (2010), pp. 3-55
[22]
Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría.
Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, 1ra ed., Editorial Masson, (1995),
[23]
JF Goldberg, JO Brooks, K Kurita, et al.
Depressive illness burden associated with complex polypharmacy in patients with Bipolar Disorder: finding from the STEP-BD.
J Clin Psychiatry, 70 (2009), pp. 155-162
[24]
RT Joffe, GM Mac Queen, M Marriott, et al.
A prospepective, longitudinal study of percentage of time spent ill in patients with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder.
Bipolar Disorder, 6 (2004), pp. 62-66
[25]
F Colom, E Vieta, C Daban, et al.
Clinical and therapeutic implications of predominant polarity in bipolar disorder.
J Affect Disord, 93 (2006), pp. 13-17
[26]
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INDEC) Argentina.
Gasto de consumo de los hogares por región de residencia y finalidad de gasto. Año 2004/2005 [internet]. 2010 [citado: 26 de mayo del 2011].
[27]
G Simon, J Unützr.
Health care utilization and costs among patients treated for bipolar disorder in an insured population.
Psychiatr Serv, 50 (1999), pp. 1303-1308
[28]
LS Matza, KS Rajagopalan, CL Thompson, et al.
Misdiagnosed patients with bipolar disorder: comorbilities, treatment patterns and direct treatment costs.
J Clin Psychiatry, 66 (2005), pp. 1432-1440
[29]
AB Busch, HA Huskamp, MB Landrum.
Quality of care in a Medicaid population with bipolar I disorder.
Psychiatr Serv, 58 (2007), pp. 848-854
[30]
JJ Guo, PE Keck, H Li, et al.
Treatment costs related to bipolar disorder and comorbid conditions among Medicaid patients with bipolar disorder.
Psychiatr Serv, 58 (2007), pp. 1073-1078
[31]
RL Knoth, K Chen, E Tafesse.
Cost assaciated with the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder in a managed care organization.
Psychiatr Serv, 55 (2004), pp. 1353
[32]
Big Mac Index [internet]. 2009 [citado: 26 de mayo del 2011].
[33]
S Strejilevich, P Retamal Carrasco.
Percepción del impacto y del proceso diagnóstico del trastorno bipolar de personas en tratamiento en centros de Argentina y Chile.
Vertex, 14 (2004), pp. 245-252
[34]
RM Hirschsfeld, L Lewis, L Vornik.
Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder.
J Clin Psychiatry, 64 (2003), pp. 161-174
[35]
PL Morselli, E Rodney.
GAMIAN-Europe*/BEAM survey I – global analysis of a patient questionnaire circulated to 3450 members of 12 European advocacy groups operating in the field of mood disorders.
Bipolar Disord, 5 (2003), pp. 265-278
[36]
G Hadjipavlou, H Mok, LN Yatham.
Bipolar II disorder: an overview of recent developments.
Can J Psychiatry, 49 (2004), pp. 802-812
[37]
S Strejilevich, E Correa.
Costs and challenges of bipolar disorders: Focus in the South American Region.
J Affect Disord, 98 (2007), pp. 165-167

Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
Article options