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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Análisis de la estructura del síndrome psicótico agudo
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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 48-60 (March 2012)
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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 48-60 (March 2012)
Artículos originales
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Análisis de la estructura del síndrome psicótico agudo
Analysis of the Structure of Acute Psychotic Disorder
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Téllez R. Gerardo1,
Corresponding author
naikiko@gmail.com

Correspondencia: Gerardo Téllez R., Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, oficina 201, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
, Sánchez P. Ricardo2, Eduardo Jaramillo Luis3
1 Psiquiatra. Clínica Nuestra Señora de la Paz. Docente adjunto del Departamento de Psiquiatría, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
2 Psiquiatra. MSc en Epidemiología Clínica. Especialista en Estadística. Profesor titular del Departamento de Psiquiatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
3 Psiquiatra. MSc en Farmacología, profesor asociado del Departamento de Psiquiatría, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

La psicosis es una entidad clínicamente heterogénea. Estudios previos han encontrado una estructura multifactorial de dicho síndrome. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar posibles categorías diagnósticas en pacientes con sintomatología psicótica aguda, a partir de las características de los síntomas en una evaluación transversal.

Métodos

Se ensambló un instrumento a partir de las escalas SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN y de depresión de Zung. Con base en criterios de redundancia y de tipo estadístico, un instrumento inicial de 101 ítems fue reducido a 57. El instrumento fue aplicado a 232 pacientes con sintomatología psicótica aguda no orgánica que asistieron a la Clínica de la Paz de Bogotá, y al Hospital San Juan de Dios, de Chía, entre abril del 2008 y diciembre del 2009. Se aplicaron técnicas estadísticas de análisis multivariado.

Resultados

Casi 80% de los pacientes tuvo diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. El síndrome psicótico agudo se encontró conformado por los siguientes seis dominios: deficitario, agresivo-paranoide, desorganizado, depresivo, delirios extraños, alucinaciones. El análisis de conglomerados reveló ocho subtipos que, a partir de la estructura factorial, pueden denominarse así: 1) delirios extraños-alucinaciones; 2) deterioro y síntomas de desorganización; 3) deterioro; 4) deterioro con paranoia, ansiedad y agresividad; 5) delirios extraños; 6) paranoia, ansiedad, agresividad; 7) síntomas depresivos y delirios extraños; 8) paranoia, ansiedad, agresividad con síntomas depresivos.

Conclusión

Los subtipos permiten una caracterización más exhaustiva que la que permiten los sistemas de clasificación vigentes. Es necesario validar estas agrupaciones en estudios longitudinales.

Palabras clave:
Trastornos psicóticos
esquizofrenia
signos y síntomas
clasificación
cuestionario
análisis multivariante
Abstract
Introduction

Schizophrenia is a clinically heterogeneous disorder. A multifactorial structure of this syndrome has been described in previous reports. The aim of this study was to evaluate what are the possible diagnostic categories in patients having acute psychotic symptoms, studying their clinical characteristics in a cross-sectional study.

Methods

An instrument for measuring psychotic symptoms was created using previous scales (SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN, Zung depression scale). Using as criteria statistical indexes and redundance of items, the initial instrument having 101 items has been reduced to 57 items. 232 patients with acute psychotic symptoms, in most cases schizophrenia, attending Clínica Nuestra Señora de la Paz in Bogotá and Hospital San Juan de Dios in Chía have been evaluated from April, 2008 to December, 2009. Multivariate statistical methods have been used for analyzing data.

Results

A six-factor structure has been found (Deficit, paranoid-aggressive, disorganized, depressive, bizarre delusions, hallucinations). Cluster analysis showed eight subtypes that can be described as: 1) bizarre delusions-hallucinations; 2) deterioration and disorganized behavior; 3) deterioration; 4) deterioration and paranoid-aggressive behavior; 5) bizarre delusions; 6) paranoia-anxiety- aggressiveness; 7) depressive symptoms and bizarre delusions; 8) paranoia and aggressiveness with depressive symptoms

Conclusion

These subtypes allow a more exhaustive characterization that those included in standard classification schemes and should be validated in longitudinal studies.

Key words:
Psychotic disorders
schizophrenia
signs and symptoms
classification
questionnaires
multivariate analysis
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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2012. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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