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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Atención sostenida y esquizofrenia: revisión de las asociaciones psicopatológ...
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Vol. 40. Issue 4.
Pages 734-747 (December 2011)
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Vol. 40. Issue 4.
Pages 734-747 (December 2011)
Artículos de revisión/actualización
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Atención sostenida y esquizofrenia: revisión de las asociaciones psicopatológicas y familiares1
Sustained Attention and Schizophrenia: A review of Psychopathological and Familial Associations
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1327
Andrés Mauricio Rangel Martínez-Villalba2, Jenny García Valencia3,
Corresponding author
jegava@gmail.com

Correspondencia: Jenny García Valencia, Universidad de Antioquia, Edificio Manuel Uribe Ángel, tercer piso, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51 D No. 62-29, Medellín, Colombia
2 Médico residente de segundo año de Psiquiatría. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
3 Médica psiquiatra, MSc y PhD Epidemiología. Profesora asociada, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

Se ha reconocido la alteración de la atención, en especial la atención sostenida, como una de las manifestaciones cognitivas asociadas con la esquizofrenia.

Objetivo

Revisar los principales hallazgos sobre la atención sostenida en sujetos con esquizofrenia, sus familiares y poblaciones de alto riesgo.

Metodología

Se revisó de manera selectiva la literatura disponible con énfasis en aquellos estudios con mediciones de atención sostenida y otras variables psicopatológicas y de tratamiento.

Resultados

Los sujetos con esquizofrenia tienen un peor desempeño en pruebas de atención sostenida en comparación con sujetos sanos, con trastorno depresivo mayor y trastorno afectivo bipolar; así mismo, estas alteraciones se asocian con el desarrollo, curso, pronóstico y rehabilitación del trastorno. Además, los familiares de primer grado de consanguinidad y los sujetos de alto riesgo tienen un peor desempeño en atención sostenida en comparación con sujetos sanos.

Conclusión

La atención sostenida es un buen candidato para la investigación de endofenotipos, así como un blanco para el desarrollo de estrategias de tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico en esquizofrenia.

Palabras clave:
esquizofrenia
endofenotipos
atención
genética
Abstract
Introduction

Attention deficits, especially in sustained attention, have been recognized as one of the cognitive alterations in schizophrenia.

Objective

To review the most relevant findings on sustained attention in subjects with schizophrenia, their relatives and high-risk populations.

Methods

A selective review of the literature about sustained attention and its association with psychopathology and treatment in subjects with schizophrenia was conducted.

Results

Schizophrenia subjects have more deficits in sustained attention than healthy subjects, subjects with major depression, and subjects with bipolar disorder; furthermore, these alterations are associated with the development, course, prognosis, and rehabilitation of the disorder. The relatives of subjects with schizophrenia and subjects from high-risk populations show a worse performance on sustained attention tests than healthy subjects.

Conclusion

Sustained attention could be an endophenotype of schizophrenia and a target of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment.

Key words:
Schizophrenia
endophenotypes
attention
genetics
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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Este artículo se hizo dentro del proyecto de investigación Asociación de endofenotipos y subtipos neurocognitivos de esquizofrenia con genes del neurodesarrollo, financiado por Colciencias, con código 111545921538. El trabajo no se basa en tesis académica, y no ha sido presentado en congresos.

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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