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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Avances en la investigación de inmunoterapias contra las drogas de abuso
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Vol. 39. Issue S.
Pages 213S-223S (January 2010)
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Vol. 39. Issue S.
Pages 213S-223S (January 2010)
Artículos
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Avances en la investigación de inmunoterapias contra las drogas de abuso
Research Advances in the Immunotherapies of Addictions
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Iván D. Montoya1,
Corresponding author
imontoya@mail.nih.gov

Correspondencia: Iván D. Montoya, Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences Grants, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, Maryland, Estados Unidos
1 Médico. MPH. Clinical director, Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences Grants, National Institute on Drug Abuse. Bethesda, Maryland, Estados Unidos
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Resumen
Introducción

Las terapias inmunológicas, ya sea con vacunas (inmunización activa) o con anticuerpos (inmunización pasiva), se están investigando activamente para el manejo de las complicaciones del consumo de drogas de abuso.

Objetivo

Revisar el estado actual del desarrollo en la investigación de inmunoterapias contra nicotina, cocaína, heroína, metanfetamina y fenciclidina (PCP), con énfasis en los aspectos clínicos de cada una de ellas.

Método

Revisión de la literatura sobre el tema.

Resultados

Hasta el momento, las inmunoterapias evaluadas en humanos parecen ser seguras desde el punto de vista médico y con eficacia esperanzadora. Por este mecanismo se previene la activación de los mecanismos de refuerzo cerebral asociados con los efectos adictivos de la droga y, eventualmente, la extinción de la adicción.

Conclusión

En teoría, las vacunas también podrían ser útiles en la prevención del desarrollo de la adicción al igual que para prevenir las recaídas del uso de drogas. Los anticuerpos monoclonales parecen ser útiles en el tratamiento de las sobredosis de drogas, porque pueden prevenir los efectos neurotóxicos de las drogas al bloquear su acceso al cerebro. Actualmente, se están investigando vacunas contra la cocaína, heroína, metanfetamina y nicotina. Igualmente se están investigando anticuerpos monoclonales contra la cocaína, metanfetamina, nicotina y PCP.

Palabras clave:
inmunoterapia
vacunas
drogadicción
tratamiento
Abstract
Introduction

Immunological therapies, either with vaccines (active immunization) or with antibodies (passive immunization), are being actively investigated in the management of complications of drug abuse.

Objetive

To review the current state of research development of immunotherapies against nicotine, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine and phencyclidine (PCP) with an emphasis on the clinical aspects.

Method

Review the literature about the topic.

Results

So far, immunotherapies evaluated in humans appear to be safe from a medical standpoint and effective. This mechanism prevents the activation of brain reinforcement mechanisms associated with the addictive effects of drugs and, eventually, the extinction of the drug addiction.

Conclusion

In theory, vaccines could also be useful in preventing the development of addiction as well as to prevent the relapse of drug use. Currently, vaccines are being investigated against cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine and nicotine. Likewise, monoclonal antibodies are being investigated against cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine and phencyclidine (PCP).

Key words:
Immunotherapy
vaccines
drug addiction
treatment
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Conflicto de interés: el autor manifiesta que no tiene ningún conflicto de interés en este artículo

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