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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Comorbilidad por abuso de sustancias en el trastorno bipolar*
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Vol. 41. Issue 2.
Pages 371-383 (June 2012)
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Vol. 41. Issue 2.
Pages 371-383 (June 2012)
Artículos de revisión/actualización
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Comorbilidad por abuso de sustancias en el trastorno bipolar*
Drug Abuse Comorbidity in Bipolar Disorder
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Óscar Medina Ortiz1,
Corresponding author
oscarmedina61@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Óscar Medina Ortiz, Avenida Universidad, Edificio Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Psiquiatría, tercer piso, Universidad de los Andes San Cristóbal, Estado Táchira, Venezuela
1 Psiqu-iatra, profesor de Psiquiatría, doctor (Ph. D.) en Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de los Andes, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
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Resumen
Introducción

El consumo de sustancias en los pacientes con trastorno bipolar es mayor que el descrito para la población general, y los episodios psicóticos tienden a presentarse luego de dicho consumo, lo que trae implicaciones en la prevención, etiología, manejo y tratamiento de la enfermedad. El trastorno bipolar es una patología que tiende a responder favorablemente al tratamiento farmacológico, por lo que conocer las estrategias que han mostrado mejores resultados en este grupo de pacientes es básico para los médicos psiquiatras y de atención primaria.

Objetivo

Realizar una revisión que permita determinar la prevalencia y características del uso de sustancias en los pacientes con trastorno bipolar y cuáles son las estrategias farmacológicas que han mostrado mejores resultados.

Metodología

Revisión de la literatura.

Resultados

Una gran variedad de estudios demuestran la relación entre el trastorno bipolar y el trastorno por uso de sustancias. Estos pacientes son hospitalizados con mayor frecuencia, inician más tempranamente la enfermedad y presentan mayor número de episodios depresivos y de intentos suicidas, lo que afecta el curso de la enfermedad. El fármaco que ha mostrado mejores resultados en el tratamiento de estos pacientes ha sido el divalproato. También se han visto resultados satisfactorios con otros estabilizadores del ánimo, como la carbamazepina, la lamotrigina y el antipsicótico aripiprazole.

Conclusiones

El consumo de tóxicos se encuentra presente en una gran cantidad de pacientes con trastorno bipolar. El divalproato es el fármaco que ha mostrado mejores resultados en los estudios.

Palabras clave:
Trastorno bipolar
consumo de sustancias
comorbilidad
Abstract
Introduction

Drug use among patients with bipolar disorder is greater than the one observed in the general population; psychotic episodes are likely to occur after consumption. This has implications in the prevention, etiology, management, and treatment of the disease. Bipolar disorder pathology is likely to have positive response to pharmacological treatment. Therefore, identifying the strategies with better results to be applied in these patients is fundamental for psychiatrists and primary care physicians.

Objective

Review literature in order to determine the prevalence and characteristics of drug abuse in patients with bipolar disorder and establish the pharmacological strategies that have produced better results.

Methodology

Literature review.

Results

A great variety of studies demonstrate the relationship between bipolar disorder and drug use disorder. These patients are hospitalized more frequently, have an earlier onset of the disease, and present a larger number of depressive episodes and suicide attempts which affect the course of the disease. The drug with better results in the treatment of these patients is Divalproate. Satisfactory results have been also obtained with other mood stabilizers such as carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and the antipsychotic aripiprazole.

Conclusions

Substance abuse is present in a large number of patients with bipolar disorder. The Divalproate is the drug that has shown better results in the studies.

Key words:
Bipolar disorder
drug use
comorbidity
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La introducción de este artículo forma parte de las guías de práctica clínica del Colegio Venezolano de Neuropsicofarmacología para el abordaje del paciente con trastorno bipolar. Con autorización del autor.

Copyright © 2012. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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