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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Factores asociados al abuso y la dependencia de sustancias en adolescentes colom...
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Vol. 39. Issue S.
Pages 112S-132S (January 2010)
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Vol. 39. Issue S.
Pages 112S-132S (January 2010)
Artículos
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Factores asociados al abuso y la dependencia de sustancias en adolescentes colombianos, con base en los resultados del WMH-CIDI
Factors Associated with Substance use Disorders in Colombian Adolescents According to the Results of the WMH-CIDI
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Yolanda Torres de Galvis1,
Corresponding author
ytorres@ces.edu.co

Correspondencia: Yolanda Torres de Galvis, Grupo Investigación en Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Calle 10 A No. 22–04, Medellín, Colombia
, José Posada Villa2, Dedsy Yajaira Berbesi Fernández3
1 MSP. Dra HC. Jefe del Grupo de investigación en Salud Mental Universidad CES. Medellín. Colombia
2 Médico psiquiatría. Grupo de investigación en Salud Mental Universidad CES. Ministerio de Protección Social. Medellín. Colombia
3 Magíster en epidemiología. Grupo de investigación en Salud Mental Universidad CES. Medellín. Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

Dada la magnitud del problema de salud mental y las recomendaciones de instituciones nacionales e internacionales, se propuso generar conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y protección para orientar intervenciones basadas en la evidencia en los programas de promoción y prevención de los trastornos por uso de sustancias en los adolescentes.

Método

Como parte del WMH-OMS, se estudió una muestra probabilística de 1.576 adolescentes colombianos entre 13 y 17 años de edad. Se aplicó el instrumento CIDI para el diagnóstico del trastorno por abuso de sustancias, se estimó la asociación con los factores etiológicos, mediante análisis bivariado y la aplicación del modelo de regresión logística utilizando el método Step Wise.

Resultados

Al calcular las razones de disparidad ajustadas con 95% de confianza, los factores de riesgo más asociados con trastornos por uso de sustancias fueron: antecedentes personales de consumo de marihuana, antecedentes paternos de trastorno mental, negligencia en la atención de las necesidades de comida y salud y maltrato entre los padres, el consumo de cigarrillo y alcohol y presencia de eventos vitales estresantes. Se comportaron como factores de protección: la buena comunicación con los padres, espiritualidad, cohesión familiar y la aplicación estricta de las normas.

Conclusión

Estos resultados sugieren que los programas de prevención deben prestar atención a los grupos poblacionales que presentan los factores de riesgo.

Palabras clave:
adolescentes
factores de riesgo
abuso de sustancias
estudios transversales
oportunidad relativa
Abstract
Introduction

Given the magnitude of mental health problem and the recommendations of national and international institutions, it was proposed to generate knowledge about risk and protective factors for the targeting of evidence-based practice, programs for the promotion and prevention substance use disorders in adolescents.

Method

As part of the WHO-WMH studied a probabilistic sample of 1,576 Colombian adolescents from 13 to 17 years old, CIDI instrument was applied for the diagnosis of substance abuse disorder, estimated the association with etiologic factors by bivariate analysis and application of logistic regression model using the method Step Wise.

Results

In calculating the OR adjusted with 95% confidence, the risk factors most strongly associated with substance use disorders were: a history of marijuana use, parental history of mental illness, neglect in addressing the needs of food and health and abuse among parents, the cigarette and alcohol consumption and presence of stressful life events. They behaved as protective factors: Good communication with parents, spirituality, family cohesion and the strict application of the rules.

Conclusion

These results suggest that prevention programs should pay special attention to population groups that present the risk and protective factors for drug use found in this study.

Key words:
Adolescents
risk factors
substance abuse
cross-sectional studies
odds ratio
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Conflicto de interés: los autores manifiestan que no tienen ningún conflicto de interés en este artículo

Copyright © 2010. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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