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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Generalizabilidad o validez externa de los ensayos clínicos en psiquiatría
Journal Information
Vol. 39. Issue S.
Pages 143S-152S (January 2010)
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Vol. 39. Issue S.
Pages 143S-152S (January 2010)
Artículos
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Generalizabilidad o validez externa de los ensayos clínicos en psiquiatría
Generalizability or External Validity of the Clinical Trials in Psychiatry
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Mayumi Okuda1, Carlos Blanco2,
Corresponding author
cb255@columbia.edu

Correspondencia: Carlos Blanco, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, New York, Estados Unidos
1 Médica. New York State Psychiatric Institute/Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. Nueva York, Estados Unidos
2 Médico. PhD. New York State Psychiatric Institute/Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. Nueva York, Estados Unidos
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Resumen
Introducción

Para aprobar el uso comercial de un medicamento en Estados Unidos, la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) exige, por lo menos, dos ensayos clínicos de fase III que demuestren su seguridad y eficacia. En estos estudios, sin embargo, los resultados pueden verse influenciados por la composición de sus muestras.

Objetivo

Describir los problemas de generalizabilidad de los resultados de ensayos clínicos en psiquiatría, debido a la composición de las muestras.

Método

Breve descripción del efecto del uso de criterios de elegibilidad muy restrictivos en la generalizabilidad de los resultados de los ensayos clínicos. También se exponen ejemplos de estudios que han examinado este tema tanto en muestras clínicas como en muestras comunitarias.

Conclusión

Tanto en muestras clínicas como en muestras comunitarias, varios estudios han demostrado que, usualmente, una gran proporción de adultos con trastornos psiquiátricos son excluidos, debido a los criterios de elegibilidad comúnmente utilizados en los ensayos clínicos. Éstos suelen reclutar muestras altamente selectivas, en lugar de adultos que podrían ser más representativos de pacientes típicos. Los ensayos clínicos deben evaluar cuidadosamente los efectos de sus criterios de elegibilidad sobre la generalizabilidad de sus resultados, ya que esto puede limitar su representatividad.

Palabras clave:
ensayos clínicos
selección de paciente
protocolos
psiquiatría
Abstract
Introduction

To approve the prescription of a medication in the United States, the Food and Drug Agency (Food and Drug Administration (FDA)) requires at least two Phase III clinical trials demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the medication. In these studies, however, the results can be influenced by the composition of their samples.

Objective

To describe issues with the generalizability of results from clinical trials in psychiatry due to the use of highly selected samples.

Methods

We briefly describe the effects of stringent eligibility criteria on the results of clinical trials. We summarize studies that have examined this issue both in clinical and community samples.

Conclusion

Both in clinical and community samples, studies have shown that a significant proportion of adults with psychiatric disorders are typically excluded by eligibility criteria commonly used in clinical trials. This tends to recruit highly selective samples, rather than adults who might be more representative of typical patients. Clinical trials should carefully evaluate the effects of eligibility criteria on the generalizability of their results. The use of stringent exclusionary criteria could limit the representativeness of results.

Key words:
Clinical trials
patient selection
protocols
psychiatric
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Este estudio fue financiado por las becas DA019606 y DA023200 del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Estados Unidos de América.

Conflicto de interés: los autores manifiestan que no tienen ningún conflicto de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2010. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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