La entrevista motivacional en adicciones | Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría

Article information

Resumen

Introducción

En los últimos 15 años, la entrevista motivacional se ha convertido en uno de los métodos más populares y efectivos en el manejo de las adicciones, hecho sustentado por numerosas investigaciones.

Objetivo

Llevar a cabo una revisión teórica de las principales características de la entrevista motivacional y la evidencia clínica disponible.

Método

Revisión de la literatura médica publicada sobre el tema, utilizando la base de datos MedLine.

Resultados

La entrevista motivacional es un tipo de intervención centrado en el paciente, ampliamente documentado e investigado y con efectividad demostrada, que aprovecha la ambivalencia frente a una problemática y, por medio de una escucha reflexiva y algunas intervenciones puntuales, intenta lograr su resolución, generando una mayor disposición al cambio del comportamiento lesivo en el paciente.

Conclusión

La entrevista motivacional es una herramienta efectiva en el manejo de los pacientes, que recupera espacios terapéuticos y favorece el proceso de cambio. Podría ser una herramienta útil en el ámbito colombiano, dadas sus características.

Palabras clave:

comportamiento

entrevista psicológica

farmacodependencia

motivación

Abstract

Introduction

In the last 15 years, Motivational Interviewing (MI) has become one of the most popular and effective methods to treat drug addictions. Its efficacy is supported by numerous investigations.

Objective

To review the main theoretical characteristics of MI and clinical evidence available.

Method

We reviewed the medical literature on the subject, using the Medline database.

Results

MI is a patient-centered intervention, with proven effectiveness that takes advantage of the ambivalence toward a problem, and through reflective listening and some targeted interventions, achieve resolution of the ambivalence, leading to greater willingness to change the addictive behavior in the patient.

Conclusions

MI is an effective tool in the management of drug addicted patients by recovering therapeutic areas and encouraging the process of change. Given its characteristics, MI could be a useful tool for the treatment of drug addicts in the Colombian context.

Key words:

Behaviour

psychological interview

drug addiction

motivation

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Conflicto de interés: el autor manifiesta que no tiene ningún conflicto de interés en este artículo.

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