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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Memoria emocional y trastorno por estrés postraumático en el contexto del desp...
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Vol. 40. Issue 3.
Pages 457-469 (September 2011)
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Vol. 40. Issue 3.
Pages 457-469 (September 2011)
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Memoria emocional y trastorno por estrés postraumático en el contexto del desplazamiento en Colombia*
Emotional Memory and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Context of Displacement in Colombia
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1426
Silvia Botelho de Oliveira1,
Corresponding author
silvia.botelho@upb.edu.co

Correspondencia: Silvia Botelho de Oliveira, Facultad de Psicología, Laboratorio, de Neurociencias y Comportamiento, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Seccional Bucaramanga, edificio A-402, Autopista a Piedecuesta, kilómetro 7, Bucaramanga, Colombia
, Carlos Arturo Conde2
1 Psicóloga, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil. Magíster y PhD en Psicobiología, de la Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Docente titular de la Facultad de Psicología, de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Seccional Bucaramanga. Directora del Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Comportamiento, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Seccional Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
2 Médico cirujano, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Magíster en fisiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Doctor en Ciencias, Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Director del Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Comportamiento, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

Diferentes niveles de “alertamiento” emocional pueden favorecer la potenciación o el deterioro de la memoria. El impacto emocional en personas víctimas del desplazamiento en Colombia puede constituirse en un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT).

Objetivo

Evaluar la memoria emocional de sujetos en condición de desplazamiento por la violencia con y sin diagnóstico positivo para el TEPT.

Método

Muestra de 95 voluntarios en condición de desplazamiento del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga (18 a 61 años), a quienes se les aplicaron los instrumentos de diagnóstico para TEPT (DSM IV, Checklist) y una prueba auditivo-visual de memoria emocional. Los participantes fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: sujetos con TEPT y sujetos sin TEPT. Ambos grupos fueron redistribuidos en cuatro subgrupos según la versión neutra y emocional de la prueba auditivo-visual.

Resultados

El grupo de participantes clasificado con TEPT atribuyó una mayor ponderación a la historia emocional, pero su contenido “alertador” no potenció la memoria de estos participantes.

Conclusión

El contenido “alertante” de la prueba auditivo-visual no potenció la memoria de aquellos sujetos diagnosticados con TEPT, lo cual sugiere que estos participantes pueden presentar un deterioro de las potencialidades mnemónicas dado por las limitaciones funcionales que involucran los procesos de reforzamiento emocional.

Palabras clave:
Alertamiento emocional
memoria declarativa
memoria emocional
estrés postraumático
Abstract
Introduction

Different levels of emotional arousal can potentiate or impair memory. Since the emotional impact on victims of displacement in Colombia may constitute a risk factor for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the objective of this study was to evaluate emotional memory of people displaced by violence with and without PTSD.

Method

The sample consisted of 95 volunteers in condition of displacement of the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga (18 to 61 years old), to whom an instrument for the diagnosis of PTSD (DSM IV, Checklist) and an audio-visual Emotional Memory Test were applied. The participants were distributed into two groups: Subjects with and without PTSD. Both groups were redistributed into four subgroups according with the emotional or neutral version of the emotional memory test.

Results

The group of participants with PTSD attributed an emotional rate higher to the emotional story than to the neutral story, but the emotional arousal content did not potentiate the memory of these participants.

Conclusion

The emotional contents implemented in this emotional memory test did not potentiate the memory of subjects diagnosed with PTSD. Based on this, it could be that these participants present a deterioration of the mnemonic potential given by the functional limitations that involve the processes of emotional reinforcement.

Key words:
Emotional arousal
declarative memory
emotional memory
post-traumatic stress disorder
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Estudio desarrollado con fondos asignados al proyecto 041-0305-3100, por la Dirección General de Investigaciones de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana de Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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