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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en pacientes no psiquiátrico...
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Vol. 40. Issue 4.
Pages 709-722 (December 2011)
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Vol. 40. Issue 4.
Pages 709-722 (December 2011)
Artículos originales
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Prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en pacientes no psiquiátricos que consultan un servicio de urgencias en Bogotá
Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance Use in Non-Psychiatric Patients Seen at an Emergency Department in Bogotá
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Carlos Gómez-Restrepo1,
Corresponding author
cgomez_restrepo@yahoo.com

Correspondencia: Carlos Gómez-Restrepo, Director Departamento, Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7ª No. 40-62, piso 2, Bogotá, Colombia
, Sergio Castro-Díaz2, Carolina Eraso Díaz del Castillo3, Fabián Gil4, Carlos Alberto Arango Villegas5, Jenny Fagua6, Juan Carlos Araneda7
1 Médico psiquiatra. Psicoanalista. Epidemiólogo clínico. Profesor, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, y director, Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
2 Médico residente de primer año de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
3 Médica residente de primer año de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
4 Estadístico y bioestadístico. Profesor asistente, Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
5 Médico especialista en medicina familiar, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Director, Servicios Ambulatorios, Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio. Bogotá, Colombia
6 Psicóloga. Observatorio de Drogas de Colombia, Ministerio de Justica y del Derecho de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia
7 Psicólogo. Consultor UNODD
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Resumen
Introducción

El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) es un problema mundial de salud pública. Los consumidores suelen utilizar los servicios de urgencias, más que los no consumidores.

Objetivo

Determinar la prevalencia de consumo de seis sustancias psicoactivas en personas entre 18 y 65 años, que acudieron al servicio de urgencias de un hospital universitario en Bogotá e identificar sus características demográficas.

Método

Estudio de corte transversal, con muestreo estratificado por grupos de edad y sexo de pacientes adultos que acudieron al servicio de urgencias por patologías no psiquiátricas, a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento que indagaba datos demográficos, médicos, farmacológicos y toxicológicos. Luego se realizó un análisis toxicológico con el Breath Scan Test, para la detección de alcohol a partir de la exhalación de aire, y el Screeners KO, para la detección en orina de cannabinoides, cocaína, benzodiacepinas, anfetaminas y opiáceos, en las últimas seis horas.

Resultados

Se realizó el análisis en 473 personas. La prevalencia de consumo de cualquier sustancia fue de 7,8%. La sustancia más detectada fue opiáceos, seguida por alcohol, cannabis, cocaína, benzodiacepinas y anfetaminas. El reporte verbal de consumo en las últimas seis horas sólo fue veraz para alcohol.

Conclusiones

La prevalencia de consumo de SPA en la población general de urgencias es alta. De acuerdo con los resultados, ocho de cada cien personas que consultan a urgencias han consumido alguna SPA en las últimas seis horas.

Palabras clave:
uso indebido de sustancias
consumidores de drogas
urgencias médicas
prevalencia
Abstract
Introduction

Psychoactive substance abuse is a world public health problem. Drug users tend to use emergency services more than non-users.

Objective

To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of the use of six substances in people between the ages of 18 and 65, seen at the emergency department of a teaching hospital in Bogotá.

Method

Cross sectional study with stratified sampling by age and gender groups of adult patients who were seen at the emergency department (ED). Data collected included demographic, medical, pharmacological, and toxicological information. Toxicological analysis was performed with Scan Breath Test to detect alcohol and KO Screeners to screen urine for use of cannabinoids, cocaine, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, and opiates in the last six hours.

Results

Analyses were performed in 473 patients. The prevalence of any substance was 7.8%. The substance most frequently detected was opiates, followed by alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and amphetamines.

Conclusions

The prevalence of psychoactive drug use in the general population of the ED is high. According to these results, 8 of out of 100 people who use emergency services have used a psychoactive substance in the last six hours. The prevalence of self-report was very low compared with the positive results of the toxicology tests.

Key words:
Substance-related disorders
drug users
emergencies
prevalence
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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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