Prevalencia del trastorno depresivo en pacientes que consultan un servicio de urgencias en Bogotá

Article information

Resumen

Introducción

Por su alta prevalencia, la depresión se considera un problema de salud mundial. Es importante conocer la prevalencia de este trastorno en los pacientes que acuden a servicios de urgencia en Bogotá.

Objetivo

Calcular la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en la última semana y determinar las características demográficas de personas entre los 18 y 65 años de edad que acuden por patologías no psiquiátricas al servicio de urgencias de un hospital universitario en Bogotá.

Método

Estudio de corte transversal de pacientes adultos que asisten al servicio de urgencias de un hospital universitario. La información recopilada incluye datos demográficos, motivo de consulta, diagnóstico y aplicación de la escala del centro de estudios epidemiológicos para depresión (CES-D).

Resultados

Se obtuvo una muestra de 470 pacientes que acudieron al servicio de urgencias con una prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en la última semana, del 27,7%. La presencia de sintomatología depresiva se vio asociada con sexo femenino, bajo nivel educativo, acudir en horario de la tarde al servicio de urgencias y diagnóstico de alguna enfermedad del sistema nervioso central.

Conclusiones

Se describe por primera vez en Bogotá la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en la población que acude a los servicios de urgencias de un hospital general. Son necesarios más estudios para dilucidar factores de riesgo asociados a este trastorno en la población que acude a servicios de urgencias.

Palabras clave:

Depresión

servicio de urgencia en hospital

adultos

Abstract

Background

Depression is a public health problem worldwide due to its high prevalence. In emergency departments it is often underdetected and undertreated. It is important to be informed about the prevalence of this disorder in emergency departments in Bogotá.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms in the last week among adult patients visiting the emergency department (ED) with non-psychiatric complaints, in a teaching hospital in Bogotá.

Method

Cross-sectional study in adult patients who visit the ED. Data collected included socio-demographical data, chief complaint, diagnosis, and results of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Results

Of the 470 patients visiting the ED, 27.7% had clinically significant depressive symptoms. The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with female sex, low education level, visits to the ED in the afternoon, and the diagnosis of a central nervous system disease.

Conclusions

This study identified a high frequency of clinically significant depressive symptoms among ED patients in Bogotá. More studies are needed to determine risk factors associated to this disorder in this kind of population.

Key words:

Depression

hospital emergency service

adults

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