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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Prevalencia y factores asociados a la no adherencia en el tratamiento farmacoló...
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Vol. 40. Issue 1.
Pages 85-98 (March 2011)
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Vol. 40. Issue 1.
Pages 85-98 (March 2011)
Artículos originales
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Prevalencia y factores asociados a la no adherencia en el tratamiento farmacológico de mantenimiento en adultos con trastorno afectivo bipolar*
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Non-Adherence to Treatment in Bipolar Disorder
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Elvia Elena Pardo Cely1,
Corresponding author
shelvis2004@yahoo.com

Correspondencia: Elvia Elena Pardo Cely, Carrera 26 No. 14A-38, Yopal, Casanare
, Marco Fierro2, Milciades Ibáñez Pinilla3
1 Residente de psiquiatría, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
2 Médico psiquiatra. Profesor de psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
3 Estadístico, magíster en epidemiología. Docente de Investigación, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

Este artículo busca determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la no adherencia en el tratamiento de mantenimiento de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de trastorno afectivo bipolar.

Métodos

Estudio de corte transversal con 124 pacientes ambulatorios. Se evaluó la adherencia al tratamiento de mantenimiento con el cuestionario de Morisky-Green. Se usó, además, la escala de impresión clínica global modificada para el trastorno bipolar (CGI-BPM) y el test de Apgar familiar.

Resultados

La prevalencia de la no adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico de mantenimiento fue del 29,8%, y fue mayor para las mujeres (64,9%) que para los hombres (35,1%), si bien la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,17). Los factores que de manera estadísticamente significativa se asociaron a la no adherencia fueron: mayor gravedad de la enfermedad (OR 1,9), antecedente de no adherencia (39%, p=0,001), menor insight (87%, RP 4,65), haberse sentido estigmatizado por padecer la enfermedad (50%, RP 6,2), el hábito de fumar (47,6%, p=0,048), mayor disfunción familiar, no contar con familiares que ayuden al paciente en la toma del medicamento (73%, p=0,001) y percepción negativa del médico tratante (100%, p=0,001).

Conclusiones

La prevalencia estuvo dentro del rango de otros estudios publicados. Los factores asociados a la no adherencia fueron: mayor gravedad de la enfermedad, sentirse estigmatizado, antecedentes de falta de adherencia, pobre insight, el hábito de fumar, disfunción familiar, no tener familiares que ayuden a tomar el medicamento y la percepción negativa del médico tratante.

Palabras clave:
Trastorno bipolar
adherencia farmacológica
cumplimiento del paciente
severidad de la enfermedad
estigma social
Abstract
Introduction

This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence in maintenance treatment of adult patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

Methods

Cross sectional study with 124 patients. Adherence to treatment was evaluated by the Morisky-Green Test. A structured questionnaire was applied. It included variables associated with demographics factors and factors related to the patient, illness, treatment, family, therapeutic relationship, and health system. The Global Impression Scale Modified for Bipolar Disorder (CGI-BPM) and Family Apgar were used as well.

Results

The prevalence of non-adherence to maintenance drug treatment was 29.8%. It was greater in women (64.9%) than men (35.1%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.17). The factors statistically significant associated with non-adherence factors were: Increased severity of the disease (OR 1.9), history of non-adherence (39% P=0,001), negative perception of the psychiatrist (100%, P=0.001), less insight (87%, RP4.65), greater stigma (50%, RP 6.2), having no family member to remind taking the drug (73%, P=0.001).

Conclusions

The prevalence was inside the range found in other studies. The statistically significant factors associated with non-adherence were: Severity of disease, history of non-compliance, stigma, no family support, poor insight, smoking habit, and negative perception of the psychiatrist.

Key words:
Bipolar disorder
medication adherence
patient compliance
severity of illness index
social stigma
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Este artículo es parte de la tesis Trastorno Afectivo Bipolar y adherencia Farmacológica, para optar al título como especialista en psiquiatría, Universidad del Rosario, 2011.

Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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