Prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa en estudiantes de 14 a 18 años de un colegio privado de Medellín

Article information

Resumen

Introducción

Este estudio busca determinar la prevalencia de los síntomas depresivos, ansiosos y factores de riesgo familiares, medioambientales y personales, en una población de adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años de edad de un colegio privado de Medellín.

Métodos

Estudio observacional analítico de corte. Se aplicó una encuesta sociodemográfica, y las escalas de BAI (inventario de ansiedad de Beck) y BDI- II (inventario de depresión de Beck-II), para detectar la presencia de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva.

Resultados

Se encuestaron 152 adolescentes, el promedio de edad fue de 15,4 ± 0,9 años, la prevalencia de síntomas ansiosos fue de 25%, y de síntomas depresivos, de 25,7%. De los 38 (25%) estudiantes que tuvieron puntajes positivos en el BAI, 26 (68,4%) presentaron puntajes positivos en el BDI, y de los 39 (25,6%) alumnos que tuvieron puntajes positivos para BDI, en 26 (66,7%) se hallaron puntajes positivos para el BAI.

Conclusiones

Los factores de riesgo para sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva fueron: ser mujer, ser víctima de matoneo y el maltrato. Tener amigos fue factor protector para sintomatología depresiva. Se encontró asociación estadística entre el autorreporte de sintomatología depresiva en el adolescente y sintomatología de ansiedad; entre el autorreporte de ansiedad con sintomatología depresiva; de igual manera, entre la sintomatología de depresión y ansiedad y la percepción de los padres para dichos síntomas.

Palabras clave:

Depresión

ansiedad

adolescente

estudiantes

factores de riesgo

Abstract

Objective

This study describes prevalence of depressive and anxious symptoms together with family, environmental and personal risk factors in a group of adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age in a private school of Medellín.

Methods

An analytic observational cross sectional study was performed in 152 adolescents, evaluating sociodemographic aspects and prevalence of depressive and anxious symptomatology, as established through BDI-II and BAI.

Results

Average age was 15.4 ± 0.9 years old, with a 25% prevalence of anxiety symptoms and 25.7% of depressive symptoms. From the 38 (25%) students with BAI positive, 26 (68.4%) were BDI positive, and from the 39 (25.6%) students with BDI positive, 26 (66.7%) were BAI positive.

Conclusions

the risk factors for anxiety and depressive symptomatology were: being a woman, being a victim of bullying and abuse. Having friends was the protective factors for depressive symptomatology. There was a statistical association between self-report of depressive and anxiety symptomatology; between the anxiety self-report and the depressive symptomatology; as well as between depressive and anxiety symptomatology and parents' perception of such symptoms.

Key words:

Depression

anxiety

adolescent

students

risk factors

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