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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 61-85 (March 2012)
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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 61-85 (March 2012)
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Salud mental en el hospital general: resultados del Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ) en cuatro servicios de atención*
Mental Health in the General Hospital: Results of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) in Four Hospital Services
Visits
1226
Leonidas Castro-Camacho1,
Corresponding author
lecastro@uniandes.edu.co

Correspondencia: Leonidas Castro Camacho, Carrera 13 No. 93-85, consultorio 304, Bogotá, Colombia
, Juan Manuel Escobar2, Camilo Sáenz-Moncaleano3, Lucía Delgado-Barrera4, Soraya Aparicio-Turbay5, Juan Carlos Molano6, Efraín Noguera7
1 Psicólogo clínico, Departamento de Salud Mental, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Profesor asociado de Psicología y coordinador de Entrenamiento Clínico. Magíster en Psicología Clínica y de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. Diplomado American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP), Filadelfia, Estados Unidos
2 Médico psiquiatra, psicoanalista. Jefe del Departamento de Salud Mental, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Profesor clínico asociado de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
3 Psicólogo clínico y de la salud. Magíster en Psicología Clínica y de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
4 Psicóloga clínica y de la salud. Magíster en Psicología Clínica y de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, y Departamento de Salud Mental, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia
5 Médica psiquiatra, psicoanalista, Departamento de Salud Mental, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Profesora clínica asociada de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
6 Médico psiquiatra, Departamento de Salud Mental, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Profesor clínico asistente de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
7 Médico psiquiatra, psicoanalista, Departamento de Salud Mental, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Profesor clínico asistente de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

Pocas personas tienen acceso a tratamientos de trastornos mentales, en parte porque no son adecuadamente detectados. Como es más frecuente consultar servicios de salud por condiciones médicas, la atención primaria en salud constituye una puerta de entrada útil de detección de problemas de salud mental.

Objetivo

Detectar la frecuencia de problemas de salud mental en cuatro servicios de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá: consulta externa, hospitalización, urgencias y atención primaria, mediante un cuestionario breve, el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ), así como los índices de comorbilidad.

Métodos

Estudio de corte transversal de pacientes que asistieron a los cuatro servicios, a quienes se les aplicó un Cuestionario de Datos Demográficos y el PHQ.

Resultados

De los pacientes que asistieron a los servicios entre septiembre del 2010 y mayo del 2011, un total de 1094 seleccionados aleatoriamente participaron en el estudio. Los problemas de salud mental más frecuentes fueron trastorno depresivo mayor (7,3%), abuso de alcohol (14,4%) y algún trastorno de ansiedad (7,7%) y se observaron con una mayor frecuencia en urgencias.

Conclusiones

Se reafirma la utilidad de un cuestionario breve (PHQ) para detectar problemas de salud mental en el medio hospitalario y se analiza la necesidad de diseñar programas de atención en salud mental en el hospital general. Se recomienda repetir este estudio en otros centros y realizar más investigación.

Palabras clave:
Atención primaria
salud mental
detección
Abstract
Introduction

Few individuals have access to mental health services due in part to underdetection. As it is more likely to consult for medical conditions, primary care may be a useful gateway for early detection of mental health problems.

Objective

Detection of the frequency of mental health problems in four hospital services at the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá: Outpatient unit, hospitalization, emergency department, and primary care through a brief detection questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ).

Method

Cross-sectional study of patients seen at the four services who answered a Demographic Data Questionnaire and the PHQ together with information gathered about current medical diagnosis, history of visits, and hospitalizations during the last year.

Results

1094 patients seen at the four hospital services between September 2010 and May 2011 were selected at random. A mental health problem was detected in 36.7% of the total sample. Major depressive disorder (7.3%), alcohol abuse (14.4%), and any anxiety disorder (7.7%) showed the highest prevalence with the emergency department showing the highest frequency of detection.

Conclusions

The usefulness of a brief detection questionnaire such as the PHQ in hospital settings is demonstrated and implications in the design of mental health programs in the general hospital are discussed. The need to replicate this study in other settings and to undertake further research is outlined.

Key words:
Primary care
mental health
detection
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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Está investigación fue financiada conjuntamente por la donación CU0000001 del Centro de Investigaciones en Salud (CEIS), de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, y por el Centro de Estudios Sociales (CESO), de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de los Andes.

Copyright © 2012. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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