Síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos en pacientes con patologías del espectro esquizofrénico: frecuencia y relación con características clínicas

Article information

Resumen

Introducción

Los estudios sobre comorbilidad entre trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) o síntomas TOC y esquizofrenia arrojan mucha variabilidad en los reportes de frecuencia. La presencia de estos síntomas en la esquizofrenia se ha asociado, principalmente, a la gravedad de la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente estudio es estimar la frecuencia de síntomas obsesivos en pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia o trastorno esquizofreniforme y evaluar su relación con las características clínicas del cuadro.

Resultados

Un total de 222 pacientes con diagnóstico DSM-IV de esquizofrenia o trastorno esquizoafectivo fueron evaluados mediante las escalas SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN, Zung y la lista de comprobación de obsesiones y compulsiones de Yale-Brown. No se encontraron casos con TOC. Hubo una frecuencia de síntomas TOC del 4,5% (IC 95% 2,2%–8,1%). Los síntomas TOC se asociaron a deterioro cognoscitivo y social.

Conclusiones

En diferentes estadios de la enfermedad la presencia de esta comorbilidad podría ser marcador de protección o de deterioro cognoscitivo y social. El TOC y los síntomas TOC representan diferentes dimensiones en el paciente esquizofrénico.

Palabras clave:

Esquizofrenia

trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo

comorbilidad

signos y síntomas

Abstract

Introduction

Comorbidity studies of frequency of OCD or OCD symptoms and schizophrenia show very high variability. The presence of these symptoms in schizophrenia has been related to factors like severity of disease. The objective of this study is to estimate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate its relationship with clinical characteristics.

Results

A total of 222 patients have been evaluated using SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN and Zung scales and the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist. No cases of OCD have been found. The frequency of OCD symptoms was 4.5% (95% CI 2.2% 8.1%). OCD symptoms were associated with social and cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

OCD and OCD symptoms represent distinct dimensions in schizophrenic patients. Its presence in different stages of the disease could indicate impairment or protection against more disruptive signs of psychosis.

Key words:

Schizophrenia

obsessive-compulsive disorder

comorbidity

signs and symptoms

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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.