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Vol. 41. Issue 2.
Pages 384-394 (June 2012)
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Vol. 41. Issue 2.
Pages 384-394 (June 2012)
Artículos de revisión/actualización
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Smoking Bans and their Potential Implications for Mental Healthcare. A Review of the Evidence
Prohibición de fumar y sus implicaciones potenciales en cuidados de salud mental. Revisión de la evidencia
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E. Castro J. Héctor1,
Corresponding author
castro.hector@javeriana.edu.co

Correspondencia: Héctor E. Castro Jaramillo, Departamento Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a No. 40-62 Piso 2, Bogotá, Colombia
1 MD, MSc, DrPH (c). Doctor in Medicine and Surgery, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia. MSc Occupational Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. MSc Health Policy, Planning and Financing, London. School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine/London School of Economics and Political Science, Doctor in Public Health & Policy (candidate) London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Assistant Professor Departament of Clincal Epidemiology at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
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Resumen

Diferentes publicaciones describen una amplia relación entre el consumo de tabaco y desórdenes siquiátricos mayores. Desde comienzos del 2000, gran número de países han prohibido fumar en espacios públicos o de trabajo. No obstante, persisten dudas respecto a la excepción en algunos ambientes siquiátricos. Se cree que la admisión de fumadores en unidades libres de humo puede implicar el deterioro del comportamiento; sin embargo, evidencia reciente refuta este argumento.

Métodos

Revisión de literatura.

Resultados

Una de las primeras prohibiciones fue establecida por un concejo eclesiástico mexicano de 1575, en procura de que no se fumara en las iglesias. Varios estudios recientes documentan los beneficios económicos y para la salud derivados de la prohibición de fumar. Más de 83 países han implementado diferentes tipos de reglamentaciones. Esto no hizo que se incrementaran la agresión, la segregación ni los pacientes dados de alta en contra de la opinión médica; luego de la prohibición tampoco se registró aumento en la medicación PRN (según necesidad). Como parte de la prohibición, se usó en los pacientes la terapia NRT, terapia de remplazo de nicotina. La coherencia, coordinación y apoyo de todo el equipo fueron factores claves de éxito. Muchos pacientes continuaron fumando luego de haber sido dados de alta.

Conclusiones

La evidencia muestra que fumar en hospitales o instalaciones psiquiátricas no debe tener lugar. Es posible implementar esta prohibición en ambientes de hospitalización psiquiátrica, pero debe concebirse como parte de una estrategia más amplia, necesaria para disminuir los índices de fumadores en la población con problemas de salud mental.

Palabras clave:
Fumador pasivo
prohibición
salud mental
reglamentación
globalización
fumar tabaco
Abstract

Different publications have described a close relation between tobacco consumption and major psychiatric disorders. A great number of countries have enacted smoking bans in public or working places since the early 2000s; nonetheless, concerns remain over the exemption in some psychiatric settings regarding smoking bans. Admission of smokers to smoke-free units may lead to behavior deterioration, but some recent evidence refutes this argument.

Methods

Literature review.

Results

One of the earliest smoking bans was a 1.575 Mexican ecclesiastical council ban aimed at smoking prevention in churches. Several recent studies have documented health and economic benefits related to smoking bans. Over 83 countries now have introduced different sorts of regulations. There was no increase in aggression, seclusion or discharge against medical advice, neither increased use of PRN (as needed) medication following the ban. As part of the ban imposition, Nicotine Replacement Therapy- NRT was used by patients. Consistency, coordination and full staff support for the ban were seen as key success factors. Many patients continued smoking after discharge.

Conclusions

Evidence shows that smoking has no place in psychiatric hospitals or facilities. The introduction of smoking bans in psychiatric settings is possible, but these bans must be conceived only as part of a much larger strategy, necessary to diminish smoking high rates among mental health populations.

Key words:
Second hand smoking
ban
mental health
regulation
globalization
tobacco smoking
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Conflictos de interés: El autor manifiesta que no tiene conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2012. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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