Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo en niños y adolescentes | Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría

Article information

Resumen

Introducción

El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) en niños y adolescentes es una enfermedad compleja, que se considera el cuarto trastorno psiquiátrico más común en el mundo, con una relevante morbilidad biopsicosocial y una prevalencia de 1%–3% en la población mundial. De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, ocupa el décimo lugar entre las enfermedades más incapacitantes.

Objetivos

Revisar en la literatura científica aproximaciones y actualizaciones en la historia natural, curso, diagnóstico y tratamiento en el TOC en niños y adolescentes.

Método

Búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y LILACS desde el 2005

Resultados

En Colombia no se encontró presencia de artículos de actualización en este tema; entre tanto, en el ámbito internacional se encontraron resultados aún no concluyentes en los diferentes aspectos de la historia natural, curso, diagnóstico y tratamiento en el TOC en niños y adolescentes.

Conclusiones

Es un trastorno crónico, con una ansiedad muy intensa, alta comorbilidad y sin predictores de pronóstico precisos. La imagen social de niño perfecto y la de conciencia sobre su padecimiento restringen su atención y mejoría.

Palabras clave:

Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo

niños

adolescentes

diagnóstico

historia natural

revisión

Abstract

Background

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is a complex disease. It is considered the fourth most common psychiatric disorder in the world, with relevant biopsychosocial morbidity and a prevalence of 1–3% of the world population; it is defined by the World Health Organization as the tenth most disabling illness.

Objective

To review approaches in the scientific literature and updates on natural history, course, diagnosis, and treatment of OCD in children and adolescents.

Method

Search in PubMed and LILACS databases, from 2005.

Results

No Colombian update articles dealing with this subject were found and international articles showed inconclusive results on the various topics of natural history, course, diagnosis, and treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Conclusions: This is a chronic disorder with intense anxiety, high comorbidity, and no accurate predictors of prognosis. The social image of the perfect child and the lack of awareness about their condition restricts their care and improvement.

Key words:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

children

adolescents

diagnosis

natural

history

review

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