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Vol. 41. Issue S.
Psiquiatría y educación
Pages 52S-68S (January 2012)
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Vol. 41. Issue S.
Psiquiatría y educación
Pages 52S-68S (January 2012)
Artículos
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Uso de pacientes simulados en psiquiatría
Use of Simulated Pacients in Psychiatry
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Silvia J. Franco Corso1, Marta Beatriz Delgado2, Carlos Gómez-Restrepo3,
Corresponding author
cgomez@javeriana.edu.co

Correspondencia: Carlos Gómez-Restrepo, Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a No. 40-62 Piso 2, Bogotá, Colombia
1 Médica interna. Asistente de investigación, Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
2 Médica anestesióloga. Epidemióloga clínica, profesora asociada y directora de carrera, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
3 Médico psiquiatra. Psicoanalista, psiquiatra de enlace, epidemiólogo clínico, y profesor titular, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, y director, Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

Los avances científicos y la complejidad del conocimiento humano generan una constante necesidad de crear nuevas herramientas que faciliten el aprendizaje de una forma amena y duradera. En la docencia médica, una de estas herramientas es el uso de pacientes simulados. Los pacientes simulados o estandarizados son actores o personas entrenadas rigorosamente para presentar una historia clínica o, de ser posible, hallazgos físicos específicos, con la finalidad de ser un complemento educativo y evaluativo de la práctica clínica. Específicamente en psiquiatría, el uso de pacientes simulados ha tenido en general una gran acogida; sin embargo, se cuestiona su utilidad en áreas como la psicoterapia o la evaluación de residentes.

Métodos

Revisión a partir de la búsqueda en PubMed con los términos MESH: (“Psychiatry/education” y “Patient Simulation”); búsqueda en LILACS y Schoolar Google, utilizando términos similares.

Resultados

Los pacientes simulados son ampliamente usados alrededor del mundo en el área de psiquiatría; su utilidad como herramienta de enseñanza a estudiantes de pregrado se confirma en la mayoría de literatura revisada. Uno de los principales beneficios del uso de estos pacientes es la adquisición de habilidades específicas (por ejemplo, toma correcta de la historia clínica); no obstante, hay opiniones encontradas en cuanto a su efectividad en experiencias más complejas, como la psicoterapia o la certificación de residencia.

Conclusiones

A pesar de la controversia, la gran mayoría de la literatura revisada confirma los beneficios y la aceptación que ha tenido esta metodología en la formación de estudiantes y psiquiatras.

Palabras clave:
Psiquiatría
educación superior
simulación
simulación de paciente
Abstract
Introduction

Scientific advances and the complexity of human knowledge generate a constant need for creating new tools intended to facilitate learning in an agreeable and lasting form. Simulated patients are one of such tools in medical education. Standardized or simulated patients are actors or people vigorously trained to represent a medical history or, if possible, specific physical findings with the purpose of using such representations as an educational and evaluating supplement in clinic practice. The use of simulated patients has been very well received, particularly in the psychiatric field; however, its usefulness in areas such as psychotherapy or evaluation of residents remains questionable.

Methods

A search was made in PubMed with the MESH words (“Psychiatry/education” and “Patient Simulation”); a search was also made in LILACS and scholar Google using similar words.

Results

Simulated patients are widely used throughout the world in the psychiatry field and their usefulness as an academic tool for pre-graduate students is confirmed in most of the literature reviewed. One of the main benefits of the use of this kind of patients is the acquisition of specific abilities (e.g.: medical history recording); nevertheless, its efficacy in more complex experiences like psychotherapy or certification of psychiatry residents is questioned.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding the controversy, most of the literature reviewed confirms the benefits and acceptance of this methodology in the formation of students and psychiatrists.

Key words:
Psychiatry
higher education
simulation
patient simulation
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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2012. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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