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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English Edition) Structural Study of Anxiety and Mood-related Symptomatology in Psychiatric Outpa...
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Vol. 53. Issue 4.
Pages 505-516 (October - December 2024)
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Vol. 53. Issue 4.
Pages 505-516 (October - December 2024)
Original article
Structural Study of Anxiety and Mood-related Symptomatology in Psychiatric Outpatients
Estudio estructural de la sintomatología ansiosa y afectiva en pacientes ambulatorios
Johann M. Vega-Dienstmaiera,
Corresponding author
johann.vega.d@upch.pe

Corresponding author.
, Frine Samalvidesb,c, Renato D. Alarcónd,e
a M.D., Psychiatrist, Master in Clinical Epidemiology, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
b M.D., Infectologist, Master in Clinical Epidemiology, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
c Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
d M.D., M.P.H., Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
e Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Article information
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Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Table 1. The phobic syndromes and their corresponding symptoms.
Table 2. The “anergia”, “lack of positive affect”, “depressive core”, “post-traumatic stress/obsession”, “general anxiety”, and “fear of losing control/going crazy” syndromes and their corresponding symptoms.
Table 3. The “irritability”, “cognitive difficulties”, “sleep problems”, “somatic syndrome” and “mania” syndromes, and their corresponding symptoms.
Table 4. Matrix of polychoric correlations between the identified dimensions.
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Abstract
Introduction

Knowledge of the symptomatological structure of mental disorders is relevant for their understanding and classification. In the absence of previous Latin American research on the simultaneous structural exploration of various types of psychiatric symptomatologies, the objective of this study is to examine the structure of anxious and mood-related symptoms, resulting syndromes, and their correlations.

Method

Several instruments for the evaluation of anxious, depressive, and manic symptoms were administered to 305 psychiatric outpatients. Using factor analysis and network graphs based on polychoric correlations between the symptoms, their clustering patterns (syndromes) were explored. Further, correlations between the scores of each resulting syndrome were performed.

Results

The symptom grouping process led to a total of fifteen generally overlapping syndromes: fear of evaluation, fear of people, agoraphobia, general anxiety, somatization, anergy, depressive core, lack of positive mood, cognitive difficulties, mania, post-traumatic stress/obsessions, fear of madness/loss of control, acrophobia, irritability, and sleep disturbances. General anxiety was at the center of the structure. Morning/matinal pole, hypersomnia, and increased appetite were relatively isolated symptoms.

Conclusion

Overlapping and/or highly correlated psychiatric syndromes were prominent findings, underlining the pertinence of a dimensional approach as a substantial strategy toward a more inclusive understanding of mental disorders.

Keywords:
Syndrome
Anxiety
Affective symptoms
Classification
Dimensional diagnosis
Resumen
Introducción

Conocer la estructura sintomatológica de los trastornos mentales es relevante para su comprensión y clasificación. En América Latina no hay investigaciones previas que exploren simultáneamente la estructura de diversos tipos de sintomatologías psiquiátricas. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la estructura de los síntomas ansiosos y afectivos, los síndromes resultantes y sus correlaciones.

Método

Varios instrumentos para evaluar síntomas ansiosos, depresivos y maníacos fueron administrados a 305 pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios. Usando análisis factorial y gráficos de redes basados en correlaciones policóricas entre los síntomas, se exploraron sus patrones de agrupación (síndromes). Posteriormente, se calcularon las correlaciones entre los puntajes de cada síndrome.

Resultados

El proceso de agrupación de síntomas resultó en un total de 15 síndromes generalmente superpuestos: miedo a la evaluación, miedo a la gente, agorafobia, ansiedad general, somatización, anergia, núcleo depresivo, falta de afecto positivo, dificultades cognitivas, manía, estrés postraumático/obsesiones, miedo a la locura/pérdida de control, acrofobia, irritabilidad y alteraciones del sueño. «Ansiedad general» se situó en el centro de la estructura. Los síntomas polo matutino, hipersomnia y apetito elevado se mostraron relativamente aislados.

Conclusión

La superposición y la alta correlación entre síndromes psiquiátricos fueron hallazgos prominentes que subrayan la pertinencia de un enfoque dimensional como estrategia sustancial para un entendimiento más integral de los trastornos mentales.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome
Ansiedad
Síntomas afectivos
Clasificación
Diagnóstico dimensional

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