Letter to the Editor
Marijuana in Mexico, recreational drug or medicine?
Marihuana en México, ¿droga recreativa omedicina?
Julio César López-Valdésa,
, Eduardo González-Negreteb, Estefania López-Valdésc
Corresponding author
a Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de Tampico Dr. Alberto Romo Caballero, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico
b Departamento de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
c Licenciado en Derecho, Práctica privada, Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico
Read
922
Timeswas read the article
237
Total PDF
685
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2530312020300102" "issn" => "25303120" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2019.03.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-01-01" "aid" => "315" "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría" "copyrightAnyo" => "2019" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2020;49:3-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0034745019300289" "issn" => "00347450" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2019.03.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-01-01" "aid" => "315" "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2020;49:3-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta al Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Marihuana en México, ¿droga recreativa o medicina?" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "3" "paginaFinal" => "4" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Marijuana in Mexico, recreational drug or medicine?" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Julio César López-Valdés, Eduardo González-Negrete, Estefania López-Valdés" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Julio César" "apellidos" => "López-Valdés" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo" "apellidos" => "González-Negrete" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Estefania" "apellidos" => "López-Valdés" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2530312020300102" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2019.03.006" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312020300102?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745019300289?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/00347450/0000004900000001/v1_202002180806/S0034745019300289/v1_202002180806/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2530312020300096" "issn" => "25303120" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2019.01.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-01-01" "aid" => "307" "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2020;49:5-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Association between homicide and suicide rates in Colombia, 2017" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "5" "paginaFinal" => "6" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Asociación entre las tasas de homicidioy de suicidio en Colombia, 2017" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Adalberto Campo-Arias, Karla J Romero" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Adalberto" "apellidos" => "Campo-Arias" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Karla J" "apellidos" => "Romero" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Edwin Herazo" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Edwin" "apellidos" => "Herazo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0034745019300058" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2019.01.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745019300058?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312020300096?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/25303120/0000004900000001/v1_202002250837/S2530312020300096/v1_202002250837/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2530312020300060" "issn" => "25303120" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcpeng.2018.04.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-01-01" "aid" => "273" "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "edi" "cita" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2020;49:1-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Psychiatric diagnosis and treatment by general practitioners" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "2" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Diagnóstico y tratamiento psiquiátrico por médicos generales" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Adalberto Campo-Arias, Feligno Alberto Barliza" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Adalberto" "apellidos" => "Campo-Arias" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Feligno Alberto" "apellidos" => "Barliza" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0034745018300489" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2018.04.005" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034745018300489?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312020300060?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/25303120/0000004900000001/v1_202002250837/S2530312020300060/v1_202002250837/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Marijuana in Mexico, recreational drug or medicine?" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "3" "paginaFinal" => "4" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Julio César López-Valdés, Eduardo González-Negrete, Estefania López-Valdés" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Julio César" "apellidos" => "López-Valdés" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jc.lopz@live.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo" "apellidos" => "González-Negrete" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Estefania" "apellidos" => "López-Valdés" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de Tampico Dr. Alberto Romo Caballero, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Licenciado en Derecho, Práctica privada, Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Marihuana en México, ¿droga recreativa omedicina?" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I would like to thank you in advance for the time you give to reading this manuscript, which has come about after reading the letter written to you by our counterpart regarding the illegal status of marijuana in Mexico, including for use as a medical treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The topic that we are discussing has a relevance which affects all fields of current society, due to the fact that it includes social, political, economic and health factors; however, it is worth noting the laughable situation which occurs in relation to the use of marijuana in Mexico, given that Articles 477 and 479 of the General Health Law determine its possible possession and personal use up to the amount of 5 g of the narcotic drug.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> In other words, the use for medical purposes is still criminalised and even frowned upon within the practice, while the recreational purpose on the possession and use both of marijuana and any tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) derivative are contemplated explicitly within the law. This was exemplified clearly on 24 November 2015, the date on which, despite the existing law, the plenary session of Mexico's Supreme Court of Justice granted four people the right to the "…production, use and personal consumption of the narcotic drug cannabis and the psychotropic drug 'THC' for 'recreational' purposes"; when comparing this to the current cases which have obtained the relevant authorisation of the government for medical use, there are a lot fewer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> Although on 19 June 2017 the medicinal use of marijuana in products with a net content of THC < 1% was approved, Cofepris (Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios, [Federal Commission for Protection against Sanitary Risk]) published the regulations with regard to health control of cannabis and its derivatives up to the end of 2018; this fact was placed at the mercy of the obtainment of a licence for the importation of psychoactive-based drugs from abroad in accordance with what is written in Article 290.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Likewise, it is highlighted that the licences can only be granted after the ordinance of a judge, a situation which as yet continues to be "difficult" as, after receiving approximately 534 requests, only nine had been authorised by 5 September 2018; this is according to the Mexican government's website itself.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the exception of special cases, marijuana maintains an illegal status in Mexico today in all aspects, and this same label is conveyed upon any person who decides to get involved with it. All of this is in accordance with the Health Law within paragraphs 235, 237, 245, 247 and 248.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5</span></a> Meanwhile, the situation is debated even more because Article 245 specifically considers THC as a psychotropic substance within group I (highest risk group) of medicines with "limited or zero therapeutic value and that, as they are susceptible for misuse or abuse, they are a particularly serious issue for public health.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a final comment, there is a clear inconsistency between the facts raised within the status of the Mexican government, which only leads to the limited scope of THC-based treatment. Similarly, there is a certain incoherence in allowing an administrative professional who has studied law or political science to be the person who determines who deserves the treatment and who does not.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: López-Valdés JC, González-Negrete E, López-Valdés E. Marihuana en México, ¿droga recreativa omedicina? Rev Colomb Psiquiat. 2020;49:3–4.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Legalización para uso médico de la marihuana en México. Expediente abierto" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.L. Sandoval-Gutiérrez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcp.2017.09.003" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Colomb Psiquiatr" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "137" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29754707" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Decreto por el que se reforman, adicionan y derogan diversas disposiciones de la Ley General de Salud, del Código Penal Federal y del Código Federal de Procedimientos Penales. México, D.F., a 30 de abril de 2009. Disponible en: <a target="_blank" href="http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5106093">http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5106093</a>. Consultado 20 Feb 2019." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reconfiguración de la ciudadanía en el estado de México: estudio de los procesos políticos y sociales relativos al consumo recreativo de la marihuana (Tesis)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "I.P. Atilano-Rodríguez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2017" "editorial" => "Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Toluca, México" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación. Amparo en revisión 1115/2017. México, D.F., 24 de noviembre de 2015. Disponible en: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.scjn.gob.mx/sites/default/files/listas/documento_dos/2018-03/AR-1115-17-180316.pdf">https://www.scjn.gob.mx/sites/default/files/listas/documento_dos/2018-03/AR-1115-17-180316.pdf</a>. Consultado 21 Feb 2019." ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Marihuana caso México" "fecha" => "2016" "editorial" => "IIJ UNAM" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Coordinación General Jurídica y Consultiva, Subdirección Ejecutiva de Legislación y Consulta. Reforma legal para el uso de Cannabis o marihuana con fines médicos y de investigación científica. Revista Cofepris, protección y salud, 22 de agosto 2017. Disponible en: <a target="_blank" href="http://revistacofepris.salud.gob.mx/n/no10/sabiasqnac.html">http://revistacofepris.salud.gob.mx/n/no10/sabiasqnac.html</a>. Consultado 21 Feb 2019." ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios. Reitera política de “puertas abiertas” para recibir y orientar a todas las personas y organizaciones interesadas en el uso medicinal, personal y lúdico de la Cannabis. 5 de septiembre de 2018. Disponible en: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/articulos/cofepris-atiende-en-el-marco-de-sus-atribuciones-legales-las-solicitudes-para-uso-medicinal-personal-y-ludico-de-la-cannabis-173520?idiom=es">https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/articulos/cofepris-atiende-en-el-marco-de-sus-atribuciones-legales-las-solicitudes-para-uso-medicinal-personal-y-ludico-de-la-cannabis-173520?idiom=es</a>. Consultado 21 Feb 2019." ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Congreso de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Ley General de Salud. Diario Oficial de la Federación el 7 de febrero de 1984, última reforma vigente DOF 20-08-2009. Disponible en: <a target="_blank" href="https://mexico.justia.com/federales/leyes/ley-general-de-salud/gdoc/">https://mexico.justia.com/federales/leyes/ley-general-de-salud/gdoc/</a>. Consultado 21 Feb 2019." ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/25303120/0000004900000001/v1_202002250837/S2530312020300102/v1_202002250837/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "77633" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/25303120/0000004900000001/v1_202002250837/S2530312020300102/v1_202002250837/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530312020300102?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 15 | 1 | 16 |
| 2024 September | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2024 August | 17 | 7 | 24 |
| 2024 July | 19 | 5 | 24 |
| 2024 June | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2024 May | 18 | 1 | 19 |
| 2024 April | 23 | 7 | 30 |
| 2024 March | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2024 February | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2024 January | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2023 December | 11 | 8 | 19 |
| 2023 November | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2023 October | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2023 September | 9 | 2 | 11 |
| 2023 August | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| 2023 July | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2023 June | 25 | 5 | 30 |
| 2023 May | 34 | 0 | 34 |
| 2023 April | 37 | 3 | 40 |
| 2023 March | 27 | 3 | 30 |
| 2023 February | 25 | 2 | 27 |
| 2023 January | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2022 December | 16 | 3 | 19 |
| 2022 November | 20 | 7 | 27 |
| 2022 October | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| 2022 September | 29 | 12 | 41 |
| 2022 August | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2022 July | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2022 June | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2022 May | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2022 April | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2022 March | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2022 February | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2022 January | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2021 December | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2021 November | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2021 October | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2021 September | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2021 August | 9 | 2 | 11 |
| 2021 July | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2021 June | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| 2021 May | 17 | 9 | 26 |
| 2021 April | 21 | 5 | 26 |
| 2021 March | 10 | 18 | 28 |
| 2021 February | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2021 January | 10 | 2 | 12 |
Show all
