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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition) Central tolerance in T cells, what’s new?
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Vol. 31. Issue 4.
Pages 480-488 (October - December 2024)
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Vol. 31. Issue 4.
Pages 480-488 (October - December 2024)
Review article
Central tolerance in T cells, what’s new?
Tolerancia central de las células T, ¿qué hay de nuevo?
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92
Alex Imbachí-Salamancaa,
Corresponding author
aleximbachis@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Gloria Vásqueza,b
a Rheumatology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
b Cellular Immunology and Immunogenetics Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Table 1. Domains of the AIRE gene.
Abstract
Introduction

Random somatic recombination of T cell receptors facilitates the variability of response to foreign antigens. Then, central tolerance occurs, a mechanism designed to avoid exit of autoreactive T cells from the thymus. However, failures in this process can induce the appearance of autoimmunity.

Materials and methods

This narrative review was conducted through a literature search focused on describing relevant and recent concepts of central tolerance of T cells.

Results

Multiple cell groups are part of the thymic microenvironment, among them, thymic epithelial cells are responsible for directing development of thymocytes, especially medullary thymic epithelial cells that direct the negative selection process.

Conclusions

Factors that affect thymocytes, the thymic microenvironment, or interaction between them, can lead to development of immunodeficiencies and/or autoimmunity.

Keywords:
Central tolerance
Autoimmunity
T-lymphocytes
AIRE deficiency
Human FEZF2 protein
Resumen
Introducción

La recombinación somática aleatoria de los receptores de células T facilita la variabilidad de respuesta frente a antígenos exógenos. Posteriormente a ella se da la tolerancia central, mecanismo dirigido a evitar la salida del timo de células T autorreactivas. Sin embargo, fallos en este proceso pueden inducir la aparición de autoinmunidad.

Materiales y métodos

Esta revisión narrativa se llevó a cabo mediante una búsqueda de la literatura enfocada en describir conceptos relevantes y recientes de la tolerancia central de las células T.

Resultados

Múltiples grupos celulares hacen parte del microambiente tímico, entre los cuales las células epiteliales tímicas son las encargadas de dirigir el desarrollo de los timocitos, específicamente las células epiteliales tímicas medulares que dirigen el proceso de selección negativa.

Conclusiones

Los factores que afecten a los timocitos, el microambiente tímico o la interacción entre estos pueden llevar al desarrollo de inmunodeficiencias o autoinmunidad.

Palabras clave:
Tolerancia central
Autoinmunidad
Linfocitos T
Deficiencia de AIRE
Proteína humana FEZF2

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