metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition) Co-existence of peripheral neuropathy secondary to lead poisoning and chronic po...
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Case report
Co-existence of peripheral neuropathy secondary to lead poisoning and chronic polymyositis: Case report
Coexistencia de neuropatía periférica secundaria a intoxicación crónica por plomo y polimiositis: Reporte de caso
Laura Becerraa, Manuela Coloradoa, Juliana Molinaa, Angélica Riveraa, Miguel Mesab,c, Carlos Jaime Velásquez-Francob,c,d,
Corresponding author
carjaivel@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Carolina Muñoz-Grajalesd
a Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
b Servicio de Reumatología, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
c Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
d Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
Read
5742
Times
was read the article
1013
Total PDF
4729
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:25 [
  "pii" => "S2444440516300395"
  "issn" => "24444405"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreue.2016.09.002"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-07-01"
  "aid" => "82"
  "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2016"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "crp"
  "cita" => "Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2016;23:213-7"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1965
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 50
      "HTML" => 1500
      "PDF" => 415
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0121812316300251"
      "issn" => "01218123"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreu.2016.04.002"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-07-01"
      "aid" => "82"
      "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología"
      "documento" => "simple-article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "crp"
      "cita" => "Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2016;23:213-7"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 4962
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 10
          "HTML" => 4210
          "PDF" => 742
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Informe de caso</span>"
        "titulo" => "Coexistencia de neuropat&#237;a perif&#233;rica secundaria a intoxicaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica por plomo y polimiositis&#58; reporte de caso"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "213"
            "paginaFinal" => "217"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Co-existence of peripheral neuropathy secondary to lead poisoning and chronic polymyositis&#58; Case report"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0015"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 717
                "Ancho" => 900
                "Tamanyo" => 99285
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resonancia magn&#233;tica nuclear de cintura p&#233;lvica con evidencia de atrofia grave&#44; pero con hiperintensidad en secuencias STIR y poscontraste total del vasto lateral hasta formaci&#243;n del retin&#225;culo lateral &#40;flechas&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Laura Becerra, Manuela Colorado, Juliana Molina, Ang&#233;lica Rivera, Miguel Mesa, Carlos Jaime Vel&#225;squez-Franco, Carolina Mu&#241;oz-Grajales"
            "autores" => array:7 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Laura"
                "apellidos" => "Becerra"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Manuela"
                "apellidos" => "Colorado"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Juliana"
                "apellidos" => "Molina"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Ang&#233;lica"
                "apellidos" => "Rivera"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Miguel"
                "apellidos" => "Mesa"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Carlos Jaime"
                "apellidos" => "Vel&#225;squez-Franco"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Carolina"
                "apellidos" => "Mu&#241;oz-Grajales"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2444440516300395"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreue.2016.09.002"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2444440516300395?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0121812316300251?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/01218123/0000002300000003/v1_201609170050/S0121812316300251/v1_201609170050/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S2444440516300243"
    "issn" => "24444405"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreue.2016.06.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-07-01"
    "aid" => "78"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Colombiana de Reumatolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2016;23:218-22"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2003
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 61
        "HTML" => 1609
        "PDF" => 333
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case report</span>"
      "titulo" => "Camurati&#8211;Engelmann disease&#58; case report and review of literature"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "218"
          "paginaFinal" => "222"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Enfermedad de Camurati-Engelmann&#58; reporte de un caso y revisi&#243;n de la literatura"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1779
              "Ancho" => 1333
              "Tamanyo" => 228931
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AP and lateral X-ray of the tibia and fibula showing a large sclerotic phenomenon in the diaphyses of both bones in a symmetrical manner&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Juan Pablo Restrepo, Mar&#237;a del Pilar Molina"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan Pablo"
              "apellidos" => "Restrepo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a del Pilar"
              "apellidos" => "Molina"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0121812316300214"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreu.2016.03.002"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0121812316300214?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2444440516300243?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/24444405/0000002300000003/v1_201701180108/S2444440516300243/v1_201701180108/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S2444440516300498"
    "issn" => "24444405"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreue.2016.12.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-07-01"
    "aid" => "81"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Colombiana de Reumatolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2016;23:210-2"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4135
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 62
        "HTML" => 3332
        "PDF" => 741
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case report</span>"
      "titulo" => "Pellegrini&#8211;Stieda syndrome&#58; More than a radiological sign"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "210"
          "paginaFinal" => "212"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "S&#237;ndrome de Pellegrini&#8211;Stieda&#58; m&#225;s all&#225; que un signo radiol&#243;gico"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1005
              "Ancho" => 2500
              "Tamanyo" => 318426
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">At the left side on the AP radiography of the knees is observed calcification of the medial collateral ligament in its proximal portion&#44; in addition to a decrease in the medial femorotibial space&#46; At the right side in the coronal acquisition with T1 information of the knee becomes evident an ossification in the proximal end of the medial collateral ligament&#44; in relation with an old-injury&#44; configuring a Pellegrini&#8211;Stieda lesion&#46; Osteoarthritic changes with formation of marginal osteophytes in the medial compartment are also observed&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Juan Pablo Restrepo, Mar&#237;a del Pilar Molina"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan Pablo"
              "apellidos" => "Restrepo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a del Pilar"
              "apellidos" => "Molina"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S012181231630024X"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreu.2016.03.004"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S012181231630024X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2444440516300498?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/24444405/0000002300000003/v1_201701180108/S2444440516300498/v1_201701180108/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case report</span>"
    "titulo" => "Co-existence of peripheral neuropathy secondary to lead poisoning and chronic polymyositis&#58; Case report"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "213"
        "paginaFinal" => "217"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Laura Becerra, Manuela Colorado, Juliana Molina, Ang&#233;lica Rivera, Miguel Mesa, Carlos Jaime Vel&#225;squez-Franco, Carolina Mu&#241;oz-Grajales"
        "autores" => array:7 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Laura"
            "apellidos" => "Becerra"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Manuela"
            "apellidos" => "Colorado"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Juliana"
            "apellidos" => "Molina"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Ang&#233;lica"
            "apellidos" => "Rivera"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Miguel"
            "apellidos" => "Mesa"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Carlos Jaime"
            "apellidos" => "Vel&#225;squez-Franco"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "carjaivel&#64;hotmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Carolina"
            "apellidos" => "Mu&#241;oz-Grajales"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Facultad de Medicina&#44; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud&#44; Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana&#44; Medell&#237;n&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Reumatolog&#237;a&#44; Cl&#237;nica Universitaria Bolivariana&#44; Medell&#237;n&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud&#44; Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana&#44; Medell&#237;n&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Reumatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Pablo Tob&#243;n Uribe&#44; Medell&#237;n&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Coexistencia de neuropat&#237;a perif&#233;rica secundaria a intoxicaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica por plomo y polimiositis&#58; Reporte de caso"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 776
            "Ancho" => 932
            "Tamanyo" => 96150
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemical study with presence of types 1 and 2 fibers with &#8220;chessboard&#8221; distribution&#46; Fast myosin staining&#46; 20&#215; magnification&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exposure to lead&#44; as a result of the industrial activity and its massive use in household products&#44; emerges as one of the problems of higher prevalence and impact on public health&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a> Currently&#44; the main sources of exposure are circumscribed to an occupational setting &#40;manufacturing of paint&#44; glass&#44; ceramics&#44; among others&#41; and in the environment they are derived from the combustion of gasoline&#44; industrial emissions and food contamination&#59; both sources can generate toxicity in human beings&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Patients with lead poisoning may have clinical manifestations of acute or late onset&#59; in adults&#44; the clinics becomes more evident when the lead serum levels are within moderate or high ranges &#40;between 40 and 80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;dL&#41;&#44; with gastrointestinal symptoms &#40;abdominal pain&#44; vomiting&#44; constipation&#41; being the most frequent&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> In individuals with plumbemias exceeding 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;dL&#44; serious manifestations such as nephropathy&#44; hepatic necrosis and anemia&#44; and varied neurological manifestations such as peripheral neuropathy&#44; carpal tunnel syndrome and encephalopathy occur&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Regarding other symptoms&#44; for example musculoskeletal&#44; those which have been more often mentioned in the different case series are&#58; arthralgia &#40;14&#8211;28&#37;&#41; and weakness of the extensor muscles of wrists and ankles &#40;13&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> After an extensive literature search&#44; as far as is known&#44; no clinical articles reporting the simultaneous presence of inflammatory myopathy and peripheral neuropathy in patients with lead poisoning were found&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 47-year old-man with chronic lead poisoning secondary to occupational exposure for 5 years&#44; with typical symptoms of saturnism&#58; headache&#44; hyporexia&#44; diffuse abdominal pain and persistent decreased libido despite multiple treatments&#44; among them&#58; BAL dimercaprol&#44; succimer and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid&#46; He consulted for generalized muscle weakness and paresthesias in upper and lower limbs&#44; associated with high dysphagia for solids and liquids&#46; On physical examination was found decreased muscle strength&#44; symmetrical&#44; with proximal predominance&#44; accompanied by significant atrophy of the deltoid and vastus medialis muscles&#44; as well as of the neck flexors and extensors&#44; with secondary cephaloparesia&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main findings in the laboratory tests carried out are in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; It drew the attention&#44; clinically&#44; the weakness as cardinal symptom&#44; the inability of the patient to get up from sitting position&#44; not being able to raise his arms above his head and the cephaloparesia&#59; these characteristics compelled to explore causes of weakness of muscle origin&#46; Toxic &#40;no consumption of alcohol&#44; glucocorticoids or lipid lowering agents&#41;&#44; endocrine &#40;hormonal and electrolytic profiles without alterations&#41;&#44; malignant &#40;normal thoracoabdominal CT scan&#44; digestive endoscopy and colonoscopy&#59; serum and urine immunofixation with no evidence of monoclonal gammopathy&#41; and infectious &#40;negative serologies for bacteria and fungi&#41; causes were ruled out&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An electromyography was performed as part of the diagnostic process&#44; finding&#44; in addition to the expected neuropathic pattern&#44; polyphasic potentials&#44; early recruitment and membrane irritability&#44; findings highly suggestive of muscle fibers disease &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to define the degree of muscle atrophy&#44; a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the girdle &#40;scapular and pelvic&#41; was performed to the patient&#44; finding predominance of atrophy&#44; but with areas of active myopathy &#40;hyperintensity in the right lateralis vastus until the formation of the lateral retinaculum&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; With these results&#44; it was decided to take the patient to muscle biopsy&#44; confirming the diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy &#40;endomysial commitment and expression of HLA-1&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0020">Figs&#46; 4&#8211;6</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lead poisoning can have a broad spectrum in its clinical presentation and a variable intensity&#44; depending mainly on the serum levels of this metal&#46; A case of concomitance of peripheral neuropathy and polymyositis is presented in this report&#46; As mentioned above&#44; in several series of cases have been reported neuromuscular symptoms such as&#58; peripheral neuropathy&#44; weakness of the extensor muscles&#44; myalgias and arthralgias and carpal tunnel syndrome&#44; among others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to the peripheral neuropathy due to lead&#44; it has been described classically as a pure motor disease&#44; predominantly in the arms&#44; especially in the wrist extensors&#59; sensory involvement is very rare despite its predominance in other neuropathies due to heavy metals such as arsenic&#44; mercury or thallium&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> These findings coincide with the reported case&#59; minimal electromyographic changes such as slow motor conduction with slightly reduced compound muscle action potentials are reported in the literature&#46; There are also series reporting findings of polyneuropathy &#40;marginally prolonged distal motor and sensory latencies&#41; and autonomic neuropathy&#46; It is proposed that the traditional motor syndrome seems to be a lead-induced porphyria&#44; and in individuals with chronic intoxication a mild sensory and autonomic polyneuropathy occurs due to a direct neurotoxic effect&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As mentioned before&#44; after an extensive search without restriction of terms in Scielo&#44; Lilacs&#44; PubMed and Academic Google databases&#44; no association or coexistence between peripheral neuropathy and polymyositis was found in patients with lead poisoning&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only one report was found in Rhesus monkeys that were exposed to lead acetate before and after birth during 9 years&#59; in histological muscle studies were found signs of myopathy&#44; with increased diameters of the muscle fibers&#44; separated by copious endomysial connective tissue&#44; in addition to hydropic mitochondria and a massively dilated sarcotubular system&#44; with increased deposition of extracellular collagen and nuclear destruction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is one case reported in the literature of a 31 year-old-patient with severe lead poisoning secondary to retained bullet fragments after a shootout&#44; with impact on the left hemithorax and that appeared as proximal muscle weakness 6 weeks after the event&#44; additional to classic symptoms of saturnism and deep tendon areflexia&#46; In this case&#44; the muscle enzymes were normal and the studies of motor nerve conduction revealed generalized compound muscle action potentials with no changes in the nerve conduction&#44; compatible with axonopathy without demyelination&#46; Similar cases of acute proximal muscle weakness due to this traumatic etiology&#44; where abrupt and massive exposure to this metal prevails&#44; have been described&#46; The abnormal distribution and the loss of selectivity of lead deposition in the distal motor nerves&#44; as well as the presence of a transient thyrotoxicosis&#44; simulating a hyperthyroid myopathy&#44; have been proposed as hypotheses for the genesis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a patient with lead poisoning&#44; with moderate of high serum levels and weakness&#44; the differential diagnosis must be broad&#44; and neurological and muscular causes should be considered&#46; As far as is known&#44; this would be the first case report of concomitance of peripheral neuropathy and polymyositis in a patient with this condition&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Ethical responsibilities</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Funding</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Own resources&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The work was not supported by any grant or funds from the pharmaceutical industry&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare the absence of conflict of interest regarding the present case report&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:12 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres790704"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec789003"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres790705"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec789004"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Case report"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Conclusion"
        ]
        8 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Ethical responsibilities"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-12-14"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2016-04-05"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec789003"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Lead poisoning"
            1 => "Peripheral nervous system diseases"
            2 => "Polymyositis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec789004"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Intoxicaci&#243;n por plomo"
            1 => "Enfermedades del sistema nervioso perif&#233;rico"
            2 => "Polimiositis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A case is presented on a 47-year-old man with chronic lead poisoning with typical symptoms after 5 years of occupational exposure&#46; He consulted for generalized muscle weakness&#44; early dysphagia&#44; cephaloparesia&#44; and paresthesias in upper and lower limbs&#46; He also had atrophy and decreased proximal muscle strength &#40;deltoid and medial vast&#41; and in both flexor and extensor muscles of the neck&#46; He had a history of high blood lead levels and peripheral neuropathy documented by electromyography&#46; In addition to the diagnosis of lead poisoning&#44; inflammatory myopathy was confirmed based on muscle enzyme elevation&#44; muscular inflammation in magnetic resonance imaging&#44; and typical findings in a muscle biopsy&#46; To the best of our knowledge&#44; this is the first report where both conditions are documented in one patient&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se reporta el caso de un hombre de 47 a&#241;os con intoxicaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica por plomo&#44; secundaria a exposici&#243;n laboral de 5 a&#241;os&#44; con sintomatolog&#237;a t&#237;pica de saturnismo&#46; Consult&#243; por debilidad muscular generalizada&#44; disfagia y parestesias en extremidades&#46; Se documentaron altos niveles de plomo en sangre&#44; asociados a neuropat&#237;a perif&#233;rica&#44; confirmada por electromiograf&#237;a&#44; y disminuci&#243;n de la fuerza muscular en cintura escapular y p&#233;lvica &#40;deltoides y vasto medial&#41;&#44; as&#237; como atrofia de m&#250;sculos del cuello &#40;flexores y extensores&#41; manifestada como cefaloparesia&#46; Adicional al cuadro de saturnismo se diagnostic&#243; miopat&#237;a inflamatoria con base en la elevaci&#243;n de enzimas musculares&#44; miositis por resonancia magn&#233;tica nuclear y biopsia muscular compatible&#44; siendo&#44; hasta donde se sabe&#44; el primer reporte conocido de la coexistencia de estas 2 enfermedades&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Becerra L&#44; Colorado M&#44; Molina J&#44; Rivera A&#44; Mesa M&#44; Vel&#225;squez-Franco CJ&#44; et al&#46; Coexistencia de neuropat&#237;a perif&#233;rica secundaria a intoxicaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica por plomo y polimiositis&#58; Reporte de caso&#46; Rev Colomb Reumatol&#46; 2016&#59;23&#58;213&#8211;217&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:7 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1234
            "Ancho" => 1248
            "Tamanyo" => 63188
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analysis of motor units showing axonal motor polyneuropathy &#40;upper tracing&#41;&#59; increased insertional activity and polyphasic potentials of short duration &#40;myopathic changes&#44; lower tracing&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1578
            "Ancho" => 1361
            "Tamanyo" => 102592
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Automatic analysis of interference pattern compatible with inflammatory myopathy in the left vastus medialis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 717
            "Ancho" => 900
            "Tamanyo" => 99689
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic girdle with evidence of severe atrophy&#44; but with hyperintensity in STIR sequences and total postcontrast of the vastus lateralis until formation of the lateral retinaculum &#40;arrows&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 628
            "Ancho" => 982
            "Tamanyo" => 60597
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presence of endomysial cells of lymphoid appearance &#40;arrow&#41;&#46; Hematoxylin&#8211;eosin staining&#46; 40&#215; magnification&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 641
            "Ancho" => 950
            "Tamanyo" => 48721
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemical study for HLA-1 with expression of muscle fibers &#40;arrow&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 776
            "Ancho" => 932
            "Tamanyo" => 96150
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemical study with presence of types 1 and 2 fibers with &#8220;chessboard&#8221; distribution&#46; Fast myosin staining&#46; 20&#215; magnification&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Paraclinical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference range&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Blood lead levels&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#8211;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatine phosphokinase&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#8211;153&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lactic dehydrogenase&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">556<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#8211;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aldolase&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#8211;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1321243.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relevant results of paraclinical analyses in a patient with lead poisoning with muscle weakness and paresthesias&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:13 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A leading question"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Beigel"
                            1 => "I&#46; Ostfeld"
                            2 => "N&#46; Schoenfeld"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199809173391208"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "339"
                        "paginaInicial" => "827"
                        "paginaFinal" => "830"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9738092"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lead toxicity and chelation therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46;C&#46; Gracia"
                            1 => "W&#46;R&#46; Snodgrass"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2146/ajhp060175"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Health Syst Pharm"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "45"
                        "paginaFinal" => "53"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17189579"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pathological effects of lead"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46;A&#46; Goyer"
                            1 => "B&#46;C&#46; Rhyne"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Rev Exp Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "77"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4349348"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Saturnismo&#44; a propo¿sito de un caso"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46;H&#46; Labanda Urbano"
                            1 => "C&#46; Fern&#225;ndez Garc&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Segur Trab &#40;Internet&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "168"
                        "paginaFinal" => "173"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intoxicaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica por plomo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46;J&#46; Fern&#225;ndez"
                            1 => "C&#46; Gonz&#225;les"
                            2 => "E&#46; Ameneiros-Lago"
                            3 => "F&#46;S&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Deb&#233;n"
                            4 => "G&#46; P&#237;a"
                            5 => "P&#46; Sesma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Med Interna &#40;Madrid&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "130"
                        "paginaFinal" => "132"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Role of lead in the central nervous system&#58; effect on electroencephlography&#44; evoked potentials&#44; electroretinography&#44; and nerve conduction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46;K&#46; Sindhu"
                            1 => "W&#46;W&#46; Sutherling"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurodiagn J"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "107"
                        "paginaFinal" => "121"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26173349"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Environmental exposure to lead &#40;Pb&#41; and variations in its susceptibility"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Kim"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Lee"
                            2 => "M&#46; Yang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/10590501.2014.907461"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "159"
                        "paginaFinal" => "185"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24875442"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0016508508021793"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00165085"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pb neurotoxicity&#58; neuropsychological effects of lead toxicity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;H&#46; Mason"
                            1 => "J&#46;P&#46; Harp"
                            2 => "D&#46;Y&#46; Han"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2014/840547"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biomed Res Int"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "2014"
                        "paginaInicial" => "840547"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24516855"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neurotoxicity and biomarkers of lead exposure&#58; a review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "K&#46;S&#46; Liu"
                            1 => "J&#46;H&#46; Hao"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Zeng"
                            3 => "F&#46;C&#46; Dai"
                            4 => "P&#46;Q&#46; Gu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chin Med Sci J"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "178"
                        "paginaFinal" => "188"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24074621"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S152169181400095X"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "15216918"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neurotoxicity of lead&#46; hypothetical molecular mechanisms of synaptic function disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Baranowska-Bosiacka"
                            1 => "I&#46; Gutowska"
                            2 => "M&#46; Rybicka"
                            3 => "P&#46; Nowacki"
                            4 => "D&#46; Chlubek"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurol Neurochir Pol"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "569"
                        "paginaFinal" => "578"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23319225"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Peripheral neuropathy in chronic occupational inorganic lead exposure&#58; a clinical and electrophysiological study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Rubens"
                            1 => "I&#46; Logina"
                            2 => "I&#46; Kravale"
                            3 => "M&#46; Egl&#238;te"
                            4 => "M&#46; Donaghy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "71"
                        "paginaInicial" => "200"
                        "paginaFinal" => "204"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11459892"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Myopathy&#58; a possible effect of chronic low level lead exposure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Buchheim"
                            1 => "G&#46; Stoltenburg-Didinger"
                            2 => "H&#46; Lilienthal"
                            3 => "G&#46; Winneke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurotoxicology"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "539"
                        "paginaFinal" => "545"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9745908"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Proximal muscle weakness in severe lead poisoning from retained bullet fragments"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Srisuma"
                            1 => "E&#46;J&#46; Lavonas"
                            2 => "W&#46; Wananukul"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Toxicol &#40;Phila&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "586"
                        "paginaFinal" => "587"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/24444405/0000002300000003/v1_201701180108/S2444440516300395/v1_201701180108/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "53647"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Case Reports"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/24444405/0000002300000003/v1_201701180108/S2444440516300395/v1_201701180108/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2444440516300395?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 24444405
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 4 0 4
2024 October 30 15 45
2024 September 39 23 62
2024 August 34 17 51
2024 July 28 7 35
2024 June 24 8 32
2024 May 18 10 28
2024 April 32 8 40
2024 March 39 10 49
2024 February 28 5 33
2024 January 22 5 27
2023 December 29 11 40
2023 November 45 12 57
2023 October 56 11 67
2023 September 18 3 21
2023 August 15 3 18
2023 July 63 6 69
2023 June 59 5 64
2023 May 85 8 93
2023 April 78 4 82
2023 March 63 5 68
2023 February 55 5 60
2023 January 61 4 65
2022 December 64 14 78
2022 November 52 10 62
2022 October 52 14 66
2022 September 48 16 64
2022 August 49 28 77
2022 July 21 13 34
2022 June 38 7 45
2022 May 32 12 44
2022 April 61 5 66
2022 March 74 15 89
2022 February 38 4 42
2022 January 80 12 92
2021 December 66 9 75
2021 November 64 9 73
2021 October 80 14 94
2021 September 47 7 54
2021 August 64 8 72
2021 July 72 10 82
2021 June 45 9 54
2021 May 78 15 93
2021 April 252 33 285
2021 March 75 11 86
2021 February 79 12 91
2021 January 64 17 81
2020 December 64 14 78
2020 November 149 15 164
2020 October 72 14 86
2020 September 88 11 99
2020 August 67 8 75
2020 July 52 8 60
2020 June 31 6 37
2020 May 60 14 74
2020 April 42 8 50
2020 March 65 4 69
2020 February 53 11 64
2020 January 75 8 83
2019 December 69 7 76
2019 November 56 15 71
2019 October 90 12 102
2019 September 60 4 64
2019 August 63 4 67
2019 July 51 13 64
2019 June 131 23 154
2019 May 259 53 312
2019 April 106 20 126
2019 March 28 13 41
2019 February 34 12 46
2019 January 30 3 33
2018 December 14 7 21
2018 November 19 7 26
2018 October 32 11 43
2018 September 34 5 39
2018 August 16 10 26
2018 July 16 7 23
2018 June 9 4 13
2018 May 19 14 33
2018 April 15 10 25
2018 March 11 3 14
2018 February 14 0 14
2018 January 23 1 24
2017 December 18 0 18
2017 November 21 3 24
2017 October 12 2 14
2017 September 15 7 22
2017 August 9 8 17
2017 July 20 6 26
2017 June 22 16 38
2017 May 21 19 40
2017 April 20 6 26
2017 March 9 48 57
2017 February 13 10 23
2017 January 2 2 4
2016 December 3 7 10
2016 November 4 7 11
2016 October 3 4 7
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article